evaluating reconstruction quizlet11 Apr evaluating reconstruction quizlet
By clarifying and expanding the definition of what constituted a United States citizen, the Fourteenth Amendment brought emancipated African Americans into American society and allowed them to take advantage of much-needed legal protections. Workers would be given a modest home, supplies, and a small portion of land to farm for personal use in exchange for also farming the landowners land. [c5vk~a5T?, P[oFVB-"X7/S{+} 2b(RG,}ti\ Describe the general character of the social conditions within the nation in the aftermath of Reconstruction. While it could be used in a derogatory way, it did notin every casesuggest racist attitudes or carry the stigma that it does today. A time of rebuilding the South after the Civil War to resolve the South's problems and bring it back into the Union What were the problems that he violated the Tenure of Office Act--by firing Sec of War Stanton. Howdid the Thirteenth Amendment changethe Constitution? Losing the Civil War meant that the South would have to conform to the laws of the United States. The Southerners saw the Freedmen's Bureau as an organization giving free food to freedmen but never requiring them to work, making them lazy. You can find more resources to supplement this lesson at ourSmithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era. List the groups in chronological order that ran and controlled the Reconstruction process in the US Government. Johnson pushed for laws limiting the Executive Branchs power to help ensure the policies included in the Radical Reconstruction plan would endure after he left office. It was approved by both houses in June 1866. The speeches backfired. Question 11 30 seconds Q. Reconstruction in Practice. Segregation laws were legal in former Confederate states only. What connections do you see between the realities in Latin America and South Africa? The Jim Crow era replaced Reconstruction and ushered in a new era of racial segregation, violence, and murder well into the twentieth century. HUn0+(cj , @X! Segregation laws would sunset and have to be repealed within the next 20 years. ISAISIP TAYAHIN Aling isyu na may kinalaman sa paggalang sa buhay ng tao ang tumutukoy A. Ipakita ang iyong pagkaunawa sa ma konseptong tinatalakay sa pamamagitan paglalaglag sa sanggol mula sa. Did black legislatures outnumber whites in any state legislatures? The war devastated the Southern economy and population, leaving a lot of hard feelings towards the victorious North. Congress established a joint committee to review Reconstruction policy and set further conditions for readmitting states. Johnson, a Democrat, had little control over Reconstruction policy due to the Republican control of Congress. Gave blacks curfews and did not allow them to carry guns. This narrative was promoted by former Confederates, academics, and politicians alike and served to falsely provide an underlying ideology to justify denying equal rights. He placed North Carolina and eventually other states under appointed provisional governors chosen mostly from among prominent southern politicians who had opposed the secession movement and had rendered no conspicuous service to the Confederacy. endstream endobj 418 0 obj <>stream Over the next two years, partially due to the help of newly enfranchised African American male voters, all ten states complied with the Reconstruction Acts mandates. While much progress could be seen in things like the exponential growth of railroads, even an optimistic reading of these barometers had to be tempered by an acknowledgement that doubling track mileage does not amount to much when the starting point was so low. hb```b``Vd`f``fc@ >3G#C \5lb`(q.UrA) g``0PZTQH1;kz7/2FI1iMF>C20Jin83lFy6W iB5; Throughout his term, Johnson would try to use his Executive Branch appointments and role as Commander in Chief to try to resist Radical Reconstruction efforts being forwarded by the Republican-controlled Congress. Share Croppers:Mostly Freedmen who had no tools or supplies, and worked, farmed, and lived on someone else's land. Compose and turn in for a grade a 2-4 page brief for the historian in Activity 2 that more fully evaluates the views presented in the document covered by his or her group. This condition was inevitable given the disqualification of many of the regions most experienced and able government officials because of their disfranchisement for participation in the late rebellion. If you leave this page, your progress will be lost. What was Johnson's plan for Reconstruction? What was the purpose of the Black Codes which were enacted in Southern states in 1865 and 1866? Ex. white violence, KKK, terrorizing blacks and those who supported them so they wouldn't vote. Stanton was suspended in August 1867 and replaced with Grant as an interim. How did the stereotype of carpetbaggers compare with the reality? Webshark diving captions; how old is linda olsen global news calgary; commercial property for lease manatee county; woah oh oh oh ohhh song 80s Corruption compromised the ability of the government and, frequently, of private interests to facilitate the reconstruction of the South. What segregated (separated) blacks & whites after Reconstruction. These expanding Northern cities were a draw for much of the dislocated workforce in the Southincluding newly freed slaves. The new state legislatures adopted socalled black codes to keep the newly freed African Americans, or freedmen, in their place. legislators that were elected to office in the South during Reconstruction? It was known as the 10% Plan. What were some of the accomplishments of the Reconstruction legislatures? corruption did not come to an end. How might a fact like this have affected opinions on questions such as civil rights, government contracts for major infrastructure improvements (such as railroads) and shaped views on questions such as education? How did whites regain political control in the south? This hostility gathered strength as scandals continued to supply evidence for its justification. Connect to Life Which speaker's view of love appeals more to you? and any corresponding bookmarks? What was President Johnsons role in the period of Radical Reconstruction that took place in 1867 and 1868? When the groups have completed their worksheets and concluded their discussion, the teacher, as Committee chairman, should lead the groups in brief presentations to the class (the Congressional Committee) highlighting their findings. States had to ratify the 13th & 14th amendment, and enacted Military Control of Reconstruction with the Military Reconstruction Act. The reconstruction period had its successes and failures. *SY(u% 9 WebReconstruction refers to the period 1) the period before the Civil War 2) the period after the Civil War 3) the era of civil rights movement 4) the era after the Revolutionary War 2. the Then, for each characteristic of, Reconstruction listed on the chart, check off whether your character would feel positive. The sharecropping model left many tenant farmers in such dire straits that it was nearly impossible to break free from their economic shackles. In addition to reviewing the text of the Fourteenth Amendment, each group will be assigned to cover one additional (but short) document and make a presentation to the class summarizing the views presented in it. HU=s0+E{r\Ivtv($ *]L0/ u-HKX~9T the redeemers. What was the congressional response? What were Black Codes, and why were they created? first hand documnets or eye witness accounts from this time. answer choices Time period after the Civil War Attempt to rebuild and reunite the North and South When 3 new amendments to the Constitution were passed All of the above! The website Making Sense of Letters and Diaries is one such site. was a negative term Southerners adopted and gave to opportunistic and speculative Northerners who moved to the South during the Reconstruction Era, often seen as frauds. Connected to this question were larger discussions about the rights of four million newly-freed African Americans, the extent to which former Confederates should be punished for their role in the war, the fulfillment of "Manifest Destiny" through westward expansion and settlement of Indian Country, and the meanings of freedom and justice in the United States. It gave women the right to vote in the United States. Compute the acceleration of the particle after 2 seconds -30. a white Southerner who collaborated with northern Republicans during Reconstruction, often for personal profit. still conservative Republicans. The House of Representatives even voted to impeach Johnson over an appointment he made that violated the newly instated Tenure of Office Act. endstream endobj 117 0 obj <>stream Johnson appointed provisional governors and authorized them to set up state conventions, which in turn were charged with declaring secession illegal; repudiating Confederate debts; ratifying the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery in the United States; and scheduling elections. B 9. exodusters- black refugees fleeing north or west from depression and violence. vague-treason, bribery, or other high crimes or misdemeanors. As a result, the Democrats began using their newfound majority to roll back many of the social programs put in place during Reconstruction that were designed to aid the poor and African Americans. Similarly, there were those in the South who turned their bitterness at losing the war into a default position of hostility to all efforts to move forward. In any event, these Northern carpetbaggers were viewed as outsiders and exploiters by many who formerly had been loyal to the Confederacy. %%EOF WebList the groups in chronological order that ran and controlled the Reconstruction process in the US Government. What tactic was used? Sharecroppers typically did not have enough good farmland or time to tend to it. Lincoln vetoed this bill, setting the stage for a compromise on the issue of Reconstruction. HUO0~_qo'N$bMLBB#%mSIn;6wNO'Hb C04I!q^Q);i])G~H.HdRYBBYRi8,i 7P.,NPI CAm? For the most part, women were unsuccessful in their own fight for voting rights. Who did the states and congress give free land to? Teachers may wish to have students read several of the following, which illustrate the tension and uncertainty that existed along with the joy of liberty: Students might then be asked to examine the painting A Visit from the Old Mistress from the EDSITEment-reviewed site Africans in America. Booth assassinated President Lincoln on April 14, 1865 during the performance of a play in Washington, D.C.s Fords Theater. 0 3 southern states votes came in with 2 sets of counts, 1 Dem, 1 Repub, so the vote went to the House of Representatives who decided Republicans. The federal government pledged larger amounts of financial assistance to the Southern states. What lesson did the Republicans learn from Grant's slim victory? Any items you have not completed will be marked incorrect. The organization put in place after the Civil War to provide schools in the South was known as: answer choices The Civil Rights Committee beOai4sA 'aKjlNa )u1d[I{4{[ @vKZtQUGm1)V8'. Describe the agriculture system of the New South. The impeachment of Johnson. Copy of Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Activity.docx, Karen-Hernandez_Evaluating_Reconstruction_Interactive_Activity, Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Project.docx, Janmarco Ordonez Romero - Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Project.pdf, Linh Ho - Reconstruction Notes Questions.docx, Deysha Macrae Reconstruction assignment.docx, HIS 121-W1 Ch. A monumental tomb in New York City was constructed in his honor as a result of what was the largest public fundraising campaign in history up to that time. The states were allowed to ignore the Fourteenth Amendment. Northern Republicans who moved down South, often with intentions of helping rebuild Southern society. Were there any black governors in the South during Reconstruction? Established the concepts of birthright citizenship (anyone born within U.S. boundaries or territories subject to the jurisdiction of U.S. law was automatically a U.S. citizen, excluding Indians) and equal protection of the law. Booth, a stage actor, had ties to the Confederate cause. white Democrats who used their political power to oppress the Black community, PREPOSITIONS AND CONJUNCTIONS (INFINITIVE VS., Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Freedmen's Bureau, Reconstruction, Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan and more. The Freedmans Bureau played a key role in helping African Americans gain access to basic needs, education, property, and health care during Reconstruction. African American males would not have the right to vote until the Fourteenth Amendment was passed. In Grants opposition to the Tenure of Office Act (passed during Johnsons term in 1867), which required Senate approval of all presidential appointments and dismissals, many believed that Grant evinced the kind of political fortitude necessary to set things aright. A time of rebuilding the South after the Civil War to resolve the South's problems and bring it back into the Union. The Amnesty Act of 1872 completely flipped the script on Southern politics and halted the progress being made by Reconstruction efforts. It required that 50 percent of a state's voters take the oath of allegiance and demanded stronger safeguards for emancipation than Lincoln's as the price of readmission. At every step, Congress intervened and put laws in place that circumvented and, in some cases, limited the Presidents authority. Despite the passage of progressive new laws, racist attitudes prevented open access to employment, education, voting, and protection against violence. Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends, Next pNqmjEJOpKxZv{u 4-aCn v84l%_YYk:Ii:vSG#oa H"x\*Uj/V-,!9.RT5\VM_nCdB5" \.x}{ No/^+4.svjc;NfdHsfJhl\_e2nsS,{ African Americans began to be elected to federal, state, and local governmental posts. What was the immediate cause of Johnson's impeachment? Please visit using a browser with javascript enabled. 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Who was the Republican leader in the House? How did many Southern states work around the voting rights guaranteed in the Fifteenth Amendment? Finally, History Matters offers helpful pages on "Making Sense of Maps.". Required 50% of southern white men to swear allegiance of the union and accept the end of slavery. There was no profit for workers. The Black Codes included tactics like fines, arrests, and kidnapping to force African Americans back into bondage working on Southern farms without, technically, enslaving them. Who became president when Lincoln was assassinated? The four states did not rejoin the Union until 1870. A large number of immigrants and African Americans were given voting rights. As resistance and violence continued to spread in the South, Republican resolve began to weaken. What were the problems faced by the south after the Civil War? Many Native American tribes were stripped of their lands, moved onto reservations, forced into an assimilation program not of their choosing, and in some cases massacred by settlers and/or the U.S. Army. Force Acts, KKK Act, gave president authority to call in federal troops if needed, but it happened only once. Did Congress like the 10% Plan? Women's groups withdrew support to work on woman's suffrage. Why Did Reconstruction Come to an End? Reconstruction came to an end as a direct result of too many Southerners opposing the reconstruction. In the Senate? Grant's victory came in large part to nearly 500,000 black voters in the South who overwhelmingly voted for him and the Republican party during the election. Finally, each state legislature had to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. The long alliance between the women's movement and the abolitionist cause broke, and women struggled on their own for another half century for the right to vote. For all groups: The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Group A: Excerpt from Frederick Douglass, Address to the Massachusetts Antislavery Society, April 1865, Group B: Letter from President Ulysses S. Grant to the Hon. Where did most black Americans live in 1900? Literacy tests were put into place requiring citizens to read difficult passages from legal documents in order to be able to vote. endstream endobj 116 0 obj <>stream Learning Objectives Evaluate the successes and What legal loopholes did Southerners create to resist African American equality? Segregation was legal, as long as the notion of separate but equal was being followed. The states could enter the Union if they promised they would ratify the Fourteenth Amendment within five years. Following the presentations, the teacher may also wish to lead the class in a discussion of the methodology of this activity, asking students to examine the ways in which maps, pictures, and original documents expanded their understanding of the topic. Many went to work in the mills. WebThe Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 Split ten former Confederate states (excluding Tennessee) into five military districts to be overseen by the U.S. military and mandated that endstream endobj 113 0 obj <>stream This helped to shape the national political debate for generations. What were the provisions of the first Reconstruction Act? Amnesty was granted to any southerner who took an oath of allegiance, with the exception of Confederate officials, officers, and wealthy landowners. answer choices CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. hbbd``b` $ H0E$ b3!D( ( qX | The carpetbaggers, so named because of how they travelled light with inexpensive luggage made of fabric, were largely a benign group of Northern Republicans seeking a fresh start in the South (despite Southern Democrats fears to the contrary). Once each convention's elections were held for governor, state legislators, and members of Congress, the states would be readmitted to the Union. 132 0 obj <>stream ~~C9;9owSQ?C ` N- hWO0Gx`*Bi1 `ZS"%;;NS5J;|@@hHx4&"A $ #p H}AxChDGOB(9S,vcs:JI]V]WywIO{{AS !^}8;]:yNc0v*4Xqa`p k5 z2 9&+cr'~ IOV~=GHB:'*kXa=9r^baYz/1ag7F:,Ww AF;{zVV5S-l/"NZ|'Ol,U#dmCUGe^eE?Ze\mLFMeSZ`E#`jcj~Qm|V$vN81t~~b2[_\$#'b*$]t# This meant that Southern governments frequently were in the hands of novices: for example, inexperienced (and sometimes illiterate) freedmen andworse yet, from the point of view of many Southern loyalistsNortherners who had moved in the wake of war to assist in the recovery effort. There were many reasons for the unpopularity of Congressional Reconstruction in the South. This meant that the huge majorities Republicans then enjoyed were, so to speak, operating on borrowed time. Select all that apply. Johnson toured the nation, where he gave speeches opposing the radicals in Congress. WebWhat is Reconstruction? It was left to the Senate to try the presidentwith Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase presidingand determine whether he should be removed from office. Segregation was ruled unconstitutional and all Jim Crow laws had to be immediately repealed. The teacher may also wish to visit the two EDSITEment-reviewed websites mentioned above for additional background material concerning reconstruction: America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War and Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation. The Presidential Plans (Lincoln and Johnson), the Congressional The citizens of the South had to take an oath of loyalty, and once 10% of the state had taken the oath the state could rejoin the Union. It declared that all people born in the United States are entitled to be citizens without regard to race, color, or previous condition of slavery. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 defined citizenship and affirmed that all citizens are equally protected by the law. His campaign theme was "Let Us Have Peace," and he tried his best to promote sectional and racial harmony throughout the country. Blacks that did not have jobs could be put in jail, and therefore took the first job (even bad jobs) offered to them. _ Given sentence below refers to a numbered sentence in the passage. What was the purpose behind the Black Codes? Which of the following describes the African American experience in the Reconstruction-Era South? Sharecropping. What was the "Swing 'Round the Circle"? During Reconstruction, Johnson did not believe there was anything to be gained by promoting equal rights for African Americans. No. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. The end of the Civil War found the nation without a settled Reconstruction policy. Women's rights advocates Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were incensed that the Fifteenth Amendment did not also list gender among the conditions that could not be used to deny a citizen the right to vote. answer choices Reconstruction Freedman's Bureau Black Codes Jim Crow Laws Question 7 900 seconds Q. Upon completing this lesson, students will begin to see the ways in which a political and constitutional crisis emboldened some lasting divisions within American society and, perhaps what is more important, the ways in which the crisis forged a new path for a stronger and more perfect Union. It formally brought the Southern states back into the Union. This represented the reversal of that portion of the Dred Scott decision which ruled that black people were not and could not become citizens of the United States or enjoy any of the privileges and immunities of citizenship. President Johnson vetoed the Act, but Congress overrode his veto to pass it. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. 2023 Course Hero, Inc. All rights reserved. The first federal immigration restrictions were passed during this time. Why did Republicans retreat from their commitment to black voting and civil rights? 75RockiCr ? Republicans regained a substantial number of voters who had previously been denied voting rights due to unproven war crimes. the amendment stating that all people born in the US have the same rights and are all born equal under the law. WebReconstruction was a significant chapter in the history of civil rights in the United States, but most historians consider it a failure. Worked a piece of land for a fixed share of the crop. Ulysses S. Grant, Gen Commander of the Union forces in the Civil War. Several states refused to either repudiate the huge debt produced by the war or unconditionally accept the Thirteenth Amendment. accomplished nothing, it was almost never enforced. TQSCQIf@*$ He believed that there would be no benefit to punishing southern states. Northern Democrats who moved into former Confederate-controlled states with the intention of upsetting Radical Reconstruction plans. HUj@}WDn! Farmers would collude to drive up prices of certain crops. hbbd``b`"|c4`@@Hd100Kg0` More punitive actions against the South, Lincoln felt, would only make it harder to heal the divided nation. Borrowed what they needed on credit from the owner, it was a bad because the farmer always owed more money than they made on the farm, leaving them stuck in this system. Which group was still not aloud to vote? But in the end, events overpowered the best thinking on both sides of this divide and the impact of these great victories was left to be felt and interpreted by a new generation of Americans. 'j/%>Rgy|@mePxSNOw5Nu'IbL`hEfYaWk*_p Discuss how these policies may have affected attitudes in the country and, subsequently, how these attitudes helped or hindered politics upon the conclusion of the Reconstruction era. With an interactive map that combines statistics with the thoughts and ideas of people living through this difficult period, students will consider the ways in which efforts at recovery were either successful or disappointing. Johnson denounced the Fourteenth Amendment and urged the southern states not to ratify it. Congress enacted its Reconstruction program over Johnson's veto. The amendment also denies to anyone who had participated in rebellion against the United States or had given aid and comfort to those in rebellion the right to hold any national or state office, an exclusion intended to undercut Johnson's pardon policy and protect the rights of blacks, particularly those of former slaves and particularly their right to vote. xT+&DLeD What terms did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 put in place for the Southern states who had not yet ratified the Fourteenth Amendment? Expert Help. Determined to prevent Johnson from interfering with their plan, Radical Republicans pushed through two pieces of legislation in March 1867 intended to severely limit presidential power. Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain, February 17, 1868 during the South Carolina Constitutional Convention, Excerpt from Senator Carl Schurz of Missouri, Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain. Once you are finished, click the button below. Formally defines citizenship and protects a person's civil and political rights from being abridged or denied by any state. endstream endobj startxref Microbiology CH9 Genetic Change and Genome Ev. D. H. Chamberlain, Governor of South Carolina, Excerpt from Carl Schurz, speech in the Senate, Rutherford B. Hayes, letter of acceptance of the nomination for the Presidency, Excerpt from the testimony of Henry Blake, 1937. Radical plan wanted to punish the south, while Lincoln and Johnson wanted to reunite the union as quickly as possible. In many ways, we continue these struggles in our politics today. What was the premise behind the sharecropping model of agriculture? Group A: Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis from Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves, North Carolina Narratives, 1937, Group B: Excerpt from Rev. dzB;. What were the economic beliefs of the Radical Republicans? Who did the Fifteenth Amendment formally grant the right to vote in 1870? E&GvBQ"RYP F2;~}i,v K_)DR zdh[_/P&ME *8-pmw(j7Qjcmj9~::$x}v8@;aZwO,qo Rather than working with congressmen who might have supported his Reconstruction plan, Johnson alienated potential political allies by vetoing legislation intended to ensure civil rights for African Americans. Andrew Johnson. WebIdentify specific problems that may have emerged as a result of Reconstruction policy in its many and varied permutations. The period following the Civil War in which Congress passed laws designed to rebuild the country and bring Southern states back into the Union What was a The historian (i.e., the teacher) will preside over the presentations and discussions and help the class distill the information gathered so that the class, together, can compose a two-page brief for the historian summarizing the impact of the Reconstruction debate over voting rights on the politics of the nation in 1877. Another useful resource is the Educator Resourcesof the National Archives, which features a set of Document Analysis Worksheets. The teacher should divide the class into four small groups. 124 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<0D0942F02A0E3A4583123BBEFA335B80><310633F8B9553C42B3774455F36DF9D6>]/Index[109 24]/Info 108 0 R/Length 78/Prev 144476/Root 110 0 R/Size 133/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Those who were not eligible for amnesty could appeal for a pardon. This legislation overturned "Black Codes" that had been established in the former Confederate states and had been used to keep African Americans in a near-state of slavery. Why was the former Confederacy divided into military districts by the federal government? Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Our Brother in Black: His Freedom and Our Future, 1881, William Robert Houghton, Two Boys in the Civil War and After, An AutobiographyA Southern Colored Woman, Lesson 1: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Aftermath of War, Lesson 2: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Politics of Reconstruction, The Battle Over Reconstruction: Southern Recovery.
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