bromophenol blue ph range11 Apr bromophenol blue ph range
occur until the pH gets closer to pH 11. The molecular weight of bromophenol blue is around 670 Daltons or grams per mole. Bromothymol Blue is an indicator in the pH range from 6.0 to 7.6. Different indicators change color The background colour represents the colour of the solution containing the bromothymol blue indicator over the same range of pH values. [8] This means it has the largest change in colour hue, when the thickness or concentration of observed sample increases or decreases. , Free Printable Periodic Tables (PDF and PNG), Periodic Table with Charges - 118 Elements, Periodic Table For Kids With 118 Elements. cells in the range of 190-1100 nm were made on a Shimadzu (Kyoto, Japan) 1601 UV/VIS Spectrophotometer controlled by an UVProbe-2.5 so ware. M r range % acrylamide Deionized . What is the pH range of bromophenol red? Sodium hydroxide is a base, and it was in the pitcher at the beginning, so when added to the phenolphthalein in beakers 2 and 4, it turned pink . An aqueous solution of ammonia, NH3(aq), is a weak base. pH No information available Melting Point/Range 279 C / 534.2 F Boiling Point/Range No information available Flash Point No information available Evaporation Rate Not applicable Flammability . Range Time (Non-Members) $20.00 per visit. In solution at pH 3.6 (in the middle of the transition range of this pH indicator) obtained by dissolution in water without any pH adjustment, bromophenol blue has a characteristic green red color. The deprotonation of the neutral form results in a highly conjugated structure, accounting for the difference in color. A common use is for measuring the presence of carbonic acid in a liquid. Used as a pH indicator, it changes color over a pH range from 3.0 (yellow) to 4.6 (blue). Thats the only way we can improve. An appropriate indicator for an acid-base titration will change colour over a narrow pH range, and have distinctive colour at lower pH and a different, distinctive colour at higher pH. That is, the end point (end-point) of the titration as indicated by the indicator must be the same as the equivalence point of the acid-base reaction. They would both appear yellow. To use all the functions on Chemie.DE please activate JavaScript. Eppendorf 10-100 and 100-1000 mL vary- . This phenomenon is called dichromatic color. A suitable indicator for this strong acid - strong base titration would be bromothymol blue (pH range 6.2 - 7.6) or phenol red (pH range 6.8 - 8.4). J Adv Res.2016 Jan;7(1):113-24. pH's yielding the characteristic sigmoid shaped titration curve. Bromophenol is also used as a colour marker to monitor the process of agarose gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In general, we can apply the following generalisation for aqueous solutions at 25C based on the relative strength of the acid and strength of the base used in the titration: An appropriate acid-base indicator will change colour at the equivalence point of the titration. range for several different indicators. Store at 4C. Bromothymol blue is the most commonly used pH indicator and is in low concentration and size container and low toxicity. An aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq), is a strong acid. An aqueous solution of acetic acid (ethanoic acid), CH3COOH(aq), is a weak acid. This phenomenon is called dicromatic colour[1].. Bromophenol blue is commonly used in entry-level lab courses to stain proteins in wet-mount slides. Bromophenol blue is an intermediate and is used as an acid-based indicator in the pH range of 3-4.6 where the color changes from yellow to blue. Bromothymol Blue - C 27 H 28 Br 2 O 5 S What is Bromothymol blue? Alizarine yellow does undergo a The PH range of Xylenol Orange indicator is between 3.2 and 4.4. In practice, pH(equivalence) occurs within the pH range of the indicator: pH(lower limit colour change) < pH(equivalence point) < pH(upper limit colour change)(. As a pH indicator, bromothymol blue, for example, would be useful between from about pH 6.0 to pH 7.6. Since bromophenol blue carries a slight negative charge at moderate pH, it will migrate in the same direction as DNA or protein in a gel; the rate at which it migrates varies according to gel density and buffer composition, but in a typical 1% agarose gel in TAE buffer or TBE buffer, bromophenol blue migrates at the same rate as a DNA fragment of approximately 500 base pairs. Bromophenol Blue. Below is the balanced chemical reaction for the reaction between CH3COOH(aq) and NaOH(aq): CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l). Initially there is a large excess of acid, the solution is acidic, and the phenolphthalein indicator is colourless. pH of five is bromophenol blue. Clinical trial: N/A. . To answer the second question, we A sample universal indicator (covering a pH range of 1 through 13) can be prepared by dissolving .04 g of methyl red, .02 g of methyl orange, .02 g of phenolphthalein, .10 g of thymol blue, and .08 g of bromothymol blue in 100 mL of 95% ethanol. Other indicators work in different pH ranges. As an acidbase indicator, its useful range lies between pH3.0 and 4.6. 3,3-bis(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3H-2,1-benzoxathiole-1,1-dione, OC1=C(Br)C=C(C=C1Br)C1(OS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=CC=C12)C1=CC(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=C1, Visual transition interval pH 3.0 (yellow) to pH 4.6 (blue). pH < 6.0 the solution appears to be yellow, at the end point, between pH 6.2 and 7.6, the solution appears to be green (an equimolar mixture of blue and yellow), pH < 6.8 the solution appears to be yellow, at the end point, between pH 6.8 and 8.4, the solution appears to be orange (an equimolar mixture of red and yellow), pH < 8.0 the solution appears to be yellow, pH > 9.6 the solution appears to be blue, at the end point, between pH 8.0 and 9.6, the solution appears to be green (an equimolar mixture of yellow and blue), pH < 8.3 the solution appears to be colourless, pH > 10.0 the solution appears to be magenta, at the end point, between pH 8.3 and 10.0, the solution appears to be pale pink (an equimolar mixture of colourless and magenta), pH > 6.0 the solution appears to be yellow, at the end point, between pH 4.4 and 6.0, the solution appears to be orange (an equimolar mixture of pink and yellow). F. Chevalier, in Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences (Second Edition), 2011 Gel Staining. and bromothymol blue, as from pH eight to 11 both indicators will remain blue. [7][8] A common demonstration of BTB's pH indicator properties involves exhaling through a tube into a neutral solution of BTB. Imagine we are adding NaOH(aq) to HCl(aq) in a conical flask. Cresolphthalein, however, undergoes At neutral pH, the dye absorbs red light most strongly and transmits blue light. (using the StoPGoPS approach to problem solving). [11] Amniotic fluid typically has a pH > 7.2, bromothymol will therefore turn blue when brought in contact with fluid leaking from the amnion. NaCl(aq) will have a pH=7 The protonated form of bromothymol blue has its peak absorption at 427nm thus transmitting yellow light in acidic solutions, and the deprotonated form has its peak absorption at 602nm thus transmitting blue light in more basic solutions. Which indicator would be best to A suitable indicator for the titration of the weak acid CH3COOH(aq) and the strong base NaOH(aq) would be either thymol blue (pH range 8.0 - 9.6) or phenolphthalein (pH range 8.3 - 10.0). pH range (phenolphthalein) is 8.3 - 10.0 Bromthymol blue changes color over a pH range from 6.0 (yellow) to 7.6 (blue). As the pH of the solution increases, the indicator changes color from red At the equivalence point neither the acid nor the base is in excess. color change in this pH range. (ii) Decide on the pH range of the indicator and hence name the most suitable acid-base indicator to use: Ideally, indicator's colour change at the end point should occur at the same pH as the equivalence point of the neutralisation reaction. This means that we should select an Because acetic acid is a weak acid, Chris has decided to titrate it with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide because this is a strong base. It changes from yellow at pH3.0 to blue at pH4.6; this reaction is reversible. Litmus is not used in titrations because the pH range over which it changes colour is too great (pH range is 5.0 - 8.0) . Expert Solution. Please enable javascript and pop-ups to view all page content. The resulting solution is an acidic solution having pH less than 7. Bromophenol blue is also used as a color marker to monitor the process of agarose gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. An aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq), is a strong acid. Since the equivalence point for the titration (pH=7) occurs within the pH range for the visible colour change of the indicator (the end point between pH 6.8 and 8.4), this indicator can be used for this titration. The indicator that would be best to show that the pH of a solution has changed from 8 to 11 will be an indicator that undergoes a color change in this pH range. Briefly, we prepared 1% (w / v) agarose (Biozym Scientific, Oldendorf, Germany) in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 3.5) by boiling and then cooling to 50 C before mixing with the proteins (1 mg/mL in 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 3.5) isolated from a Silvaner Franken wine. Bromophenol blue is an intermediate and is used as an acid-based indicator in the pH range of 3-4.6 where the color changes from yellow to blue. Bromophenol Blue Cayman Chemical Commonly used as a pH indicator, a color marker in agarose or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and a dye to detect proteins and nucleic acids (absorbance at 610 nm), particularly when staining living tissues. Indicators are often used in Beyond the ranges shown, the color of the indicator will remain the same. Animal Cell Culture. Bromothymol blue (also known as bromothymol sulfone phthalein and BTB) is a pH indicator. Demonstration experiments using universal indicators. While the conjugation is responsible for the length and nature of the color change range, these substituent groups are ultimately responsible for the indicator's active range. It is mostly used in applications that require measuring substances that would have a relatively neutral pH (near 7). Required fields are marked *. All rights reserved. A small amount of phenol red added to this growth medium will have a pink-red color under normal conditions. cresolphthalein. However, the color change doesnt There is a wide range of Mini-PROTEAN TGX Precast Protein Gels, . Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. A typical recipe includes 1-propanol, sodium salt, sodium hydroxide, monosodium salt, phenolphthalein, methyl red, bromothymol blue, and thymol blue. Description. . Nagwa is an educational technology startup aiming to help teachers teach and students learn. Bromophenol blue and bromothymol blue will both remain blue as the pH changes from 8 to 11. (1) 1 equivalent of an acid is the quantity of that acid which will donate 1 mole of H+. Nagwa uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. This 30 mL (one ounce) bottle of bromophenol blue (also known as bromphenol blue) is a 0.4% solution in water. Our ammo is only required to be shot with our rental guns. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Catalog No. At the equivalence point, 1 equivalent of acid neutralises 1 equivalent of base. When the pH increases to about 3.1, the colour of the indicator starts to look more orange than red so the end point of the titration as indicated by the indicator has been reached. Uses of bromophenol blue indicator include testing for soap in unwashed biodiesel and glycerol. The equivalence point for the reaction is represented by the blue line at pH = 8.7. and Bromophenol Blue using a digital camera . Streuli, in "Handbook of Analytical Chemistry," L. Meites, Ed., McGraw-Hill . Strong bases: Hydroxides of Group 1 and 2 elements, so sodium hydroxide is a strong base (sodium is a Group 1 element) Bromothymol blue indicator reflects a pH range of 3.5-9.5 What is the Ph range of xylenol orange indicator? Consider bromothymol blue (pH range 6.2 - 7.6) and phenol red (pH range 6.8 - 8.4) as possible indicators for this neutralisation reaction: A suitable indicator for this strong acid - strong base titration would be bromothymol blue (pH range 6.2 - 7.6) or phenol red (pH range 6.8 - 8.4). You probably won't be using "equivalents" as a measure of quantity in your high school chemistry course, but it is useful to understand where the term "equivalence point" comes from. alizarine yellow is yellow, cresolphthalein is colorless, bromothymol blue is San Diego, CA USA. Bromophenol blue changes color at pH less than 7 Antacid titration is an acid-base titration in which antacid that acts as bases and is mainly composed of metal hydroxides like NaOH reacts with excess amount of acid such as HCl. To prepare a solution for use as indicator in volumetric work, dissolve 0.1g in 100cm3 of 50% (v/v) ethanol.[5]. pH indicators generally change color over a range of two pH units. (see Calculating pH of Aqueous Salt Solutions). Choose an indicator that changes colour at pH=7, Choose an indicator that changes colour at pH < 7, Choose an indicator that changes colour at pH > 7. During this experiment, the yeast acted as a catalyst to remove oxygen from the hydrogen peroxide. Reaxys. show that the pH of a solution has changed from eight to 11? Senior Scientist at Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc. since July 2018, specializing in antibody discovery and engineering using high-throughput . Call 800-372-6726. Bromophenol blue (BPB) is most commonly used as an agarose gel electrophoresis size marker. The gel must firstly be immersed in a fixation solution containing acid (phosphoric acid or acetic acid) and alcohol (ethanol or methanol) as a . 1997-2023 LUMITOS AG, All rights reserved, https://www.chemeurope.com/en/encyclopedia/Bromophenol_blue.html, Your browser is not current. need to select the indicator that would best show that the pH of a solution has In general, predicted pH ranges are 2 pH units but the published results for pH range are smaller than this. Other . would be best to show that the pH of a solution has changed from eight to 11 is BROMOPHENOL BLUE: In the pH scale, the pH value of the solution could be less than 4.0. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Want chemistry games, drills, tests and more? The aqueous solution of a salt of a strong acid and a strong base will have a pH=7 at 25C. [2], Bromothymol blue is sparingly soluble in oil, but soluble in water, ether, and aqueous solutions of alkalis. Your browser does not support JavaScript. Advantec MFS 7010030 pH Test Paper, Narrow Range, Booklet, Bromophenol Blue, pH 2.8-4.4, 7mm Width, 70mm Length (Pack of 200) We will have to add an excess of NaOH(aq) to the HCl(aq) to make phenolphthalein change colour, in other words, the end point as indicated by the indicator will occur AFTER the equivalence point for the acid-base reaction. Search In an acid-base titration, the following chemical reaction (Arrhenius neutralisation) takes place: When all the acid has reacted with all of the base the resultant solution is an aqueous salt solution, MA(aq). An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, NaOH(aq), is a strong base. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. (Its peak absorbance is 600nm at a basic pH of 12.) It acts an intermediate and an acid-base indicator in the pH range 3.0 to 4.6. This indicator turns red when it is added to acidic solutions. indicator that undergoes a color change over this range. So bromophenol blue will be yellow below a pH of three and blue above a pH of approximately 4.6. [6], To prepare a solution for use as pH indicator, dissolve 0.10g in 8.0cm3 N/50 (a.k.a. each of the three remaining indicators. Bromophenol Blue is the standard that is almost always used on a polyacrylamide gel cast in a solution of dodecyl sulfate. This process was done very fast, causing a lot of bubbles to be formed. Titrate to pH 6.8 with conc. The equivalence point for the reaction is represented by the blue line at pH=8.7. Certificates of Analysis for chemicals are available upon request. The bromophenol blue is also used as a dye. bromophenol blue, that is often used as an acid-base indicator. 3,3-Bis[3-bromo-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-2,1, InChI=1S/C27H28Br2O5S/c1-13(2)17-11-20(15(5)23(28)25(17)30)27(19-9-7-8-10-22(19)35(32,33)34-27)21-12-18(14(3)4)26(31)24(29)16(21)6/h7-14,30-31H,1-6H3, InChI=1/C27H28Br2O5S/c1-13(2)17-11-20(15(5)23(28)25(17)30)27(19-9-7-8-10-22(19)35(32,33)34-27)21-12-18(14(3)4)26(31)24(29)16(21)6/h7-14,30-31H,1-6H3, Brc1c(O)c(cc(c1C)C3(OS(=O)(=O)c2ccccc23)c4cc(c(O)c(Br)c4C)C(C)C)C(C)C, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927468, "Substituent effects on absorption spectra of pH indicators: An experimental and computational study of sulfonphthaleine dyes", "Thin film optical BTB pH sensors using solgel method in presence of surfactants", "The Equilibrium Constant for Bromothymol Blue: A General Chemistry Laboratory Experiment Using Spectroscopy", "Isolation and screening of L-asparaginase free of glutaminase and urease from fungal sp", "The determination of rupture of the membranes", Bromothymol Blue (Sodium Salt) -Sigma Aldrich, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bromothymol_blue&oldid=1138089652, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 7 February 2023, at 23:58. [5] Bromophenol blue is structurally related to phenolphthalein (a popular indicator). five? At the equivalence point the only species in solution is NaCl(aq) which has pH=7. A common use is for measuring the presence of carbonic acid in a liquid. Which indicator would be best to show that the pH of a solution has changed from 8 to 11? * B = blue, C = colorless, O = orange, R = red, V = violet, Y = yellow. Since the relative strength of the acid and base determined by working backwards agrees with the information given in the question we are reasonably confident that our answer is plausible. The approach utilizes purified BPB dye whose absorbance characteristics have been determined over a range of temperatures and salinities. Looking at pH five, we see that "Bromophenol Blue (CAS 115-39-9) Properties", "Bromphenol Blue - Use and Manufacturing", "Product Specification: Bromophenol Blue", "Agarose gel electrophoresis (basic method)", "Quantification of dichromatism: a characteristic of color in transparent materials", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bromophenol_blue&oldid=1142525474, Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs, Multiple chemicals in an infobox that need indexing, Chemical articles with multiple CAS registry numbers, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 2 March 2023, at 22:14. This means that the indicator that To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser. Reference: C.A. Initially there is a large excess of acid, the solution is acidic, and the methyl orange indicator is red. . [9] However, a recent study suggests that methyl red is more useful in determining activity due to the bright yellow ring formed in the zone of enzyme activity.[10]. (c) You may be expected to calculate the pH of the solution. Foster, L. S.; Gruntfest, I. J. At the equivalence point CH3COONa(aq), the salt of a weak acid and a strong base, is present so a solution of CH3COONa will have a pH > 7 (CH3COO- is a weak base) The indicator that is blue at a pH of 5 is bromophenol blue. Not for Human or Veterinary or Therapeutic Use. want to know which indicator is blue at a pH of five. It changes from yellow at pH 3.0 to purple at pH 4.6; this reaction is reversible. Since the equivalence point for the titration (pH=5.28) occurs within the pH range for the visible colour change of the indicator (the end point between pH 4.4 and 6.0), this indicator can be used for this titration. Thermo Fisher Scientific. Chemicals with hazard fees are limited to the 48 contiguous U.S. states. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Membership IS NOT required to shoot at our range. Solutions of the dye, therefore, are blue. Indicator Thymol Blue Bromophenol Blue pKa 1.65 4.10 5.00 Methyl Red Bromothymol Blue Phenophthalein The K values for citric acid are: 7.30 9.50 4 Ka1 = 8.4 x 10-4 Ka2 = 1.8 x 10-5 Ka3 = 4.0 x 10-6. Strong acids are: hydrohalic acids (except HF), sulfuric acid, nitric acid and perchloric acid, so acetic acid is a weak acid. They are used to visually signal the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous (water-based) solution. Beer's Law Plot for Bromophenol Blue y = 0.0256x + 0.02 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 Read what you need to know about our industry portal chemeurope.com. Copyright 2006-2023 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved, Spectroscopy, Elemental and Isotope Analysis. Bromothymol is used in obstetrics for detecting premature rupture of membranes. changed from eight to 11. Slightly soluble in water (0.4g/100g) at 20C. The balanced chemical equation below represents the neutralisation reaction between HCl(aq) and NaOH(aq): At the equivalence point of the neutralisation reaction the only species present will be NaCl(aq) and H2O(l) Acid-base pH indicators are solutions that have a characteristic color at certain pH levels. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), i.e., infections while receiving care at a healthcare facility, remain as one of the most important public health challenges for affecting 1 in 25 United States. Consider thymol blue (pH range 8.0 - 9.6) or phenolphthalein (8.3 - 10.0) as suitable indicators. To answer the first question, we Bromophenol blue is also used as a dye. A suitable indicator would be methyl red (pH range 4.4 - 6.0), The equivalence point for the reaction is represented by the blue line at pH=5.28. In gel electrophoresis it can be used as a color marker and as a biological stain it can be used to stain proteins and nucleic acids. (1937). The background colour represents the colour of the solution containing the indicator over the same range of pH values. This 0.1% aqueous bromothymol blue solution (also known as Bromthymol Blue) is a commonly used pH indicator. The table below gives a list of common laboratory pH indicators. Search The Science Company . Introduction. Beyond the ranges shown, the color Soluble in methanol (10 mg/mL.). No ads = no money for us = no free stuff for you! HCl, then make up to 500 ml. An intermediate of the deprotonation mechanism is responsible for the greenish color in neutral solution.[2]. They are used to visually signal the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous (water-based) solution. Your email address will not be published . Bromophenol blue has a characteristic green red color in solution at pH 3.6 (in the middle of the transition range of this pH indicator). This 30 mL (one ounce) bottle of bromophenol blue (also known as bromphenol blue) is a 0.4% solution in water. Some examples are given below: Methyl red : published 3.1 to 4.4 (total interval 1.3 pH units) bromophenol blue: published 3.0 to 4.6 (total interval 1.6 pH units) Bromophenol blue (3,3,5,5-tetrabromophenolsulfonphthalein, BPB),[2] albutest[3] is used as a pH indicator, an electrophoretic color marker, and a dye. The solution was poured (20 mL) into Petri dishes and 1 mM ampicillin was added to . Here, weve extended the colors for This mixture displays the colors red, orange-yellow, green, blue, and indigo-violet: How pH Indicators Work Most pH indicators are weak acids or weak bases. The test may be false-positive in the presence of other alkaline substances such as blood or semen, or in the presence of bacterial vaginosis. Which indicator is blue at a pH of It is a good indicator of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) and other weakly acidic solutions. Bromophenol blue is used as a tracking dye in electrophoresis, as a color marker in gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. As CO2 is absorbed from the breath into the solution, forming carbonic acid, the solution changes color from green to yellow. Work backwards: Assume we use phenolpthalein, what sort of acid and base would be used in the titration? However, the apparent color shifts mostly depend on the concentration and/or path length through which the solution is observed. 0.02 Normal) NaOH and dilute with water to 250cm3. pH indicators generally change color over a range of two pH units. SIBATA Class A Graduated Glass Cylinders, 0.2 (red) - 1.8 (yellow) and 7.2 (yellow) - 8.8 (red), 1.2 (red) - 2.8 (yellow) and 7.4 (yellow) - 9.0 (purple), 7.3 (colorless/reddish) - 8.7 (blue/green). ChemLmy Dcpaztmem ofFuzhou UniversityFuzllou350002 2Chemisty Department ofXiamen UniversityXiamen361005 AbstaaetThe characteristics ofPVC membranes response pHweinvestigatKlThe pHsemifive dyebromophenol bluewimmobilized asion pair cetyllrimethylammoniumbromide plastlzedPVC membraneThe measurement range ofpH is4 . In vivo: So far, bromophenol blue has not been employd in animal in vivo study. It acts an intermediate and an acid-base indicator in the pH range 3.0 to 4.6. As a biological stain, it plays an important role to stain proteins and nucleic acids. Bromophenol blue, Tetrabromophenolsulfonephthalein, is an acid-base indicator whose useful range as an indicator lies between pH 3.0 and 4.6. Find out how LUMITOS supports you with online marketing. Reference: [1] Dhananasekaran S,Palanivel R,Pappu S. Adsorption of Methylene Blue, Bromophenol Blue, and Coomassie Brilliant Blue by -chitin nanoparticles. Compare this item Bromophenol Blue sodium salt BeanTown Chemical
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