homeopathy for group b strephomeopathy for group b strep

homeopathy for group b strep homeopathy for group b strep

Labor or rupture of membranes before 37 weeks, Rupture of membranes 18 hours or more beforedelivery, A urinary tract infection as a result ofGBS during your pregnancy, Signs and symptoms occurring within hoursof delivery, Signs and symptoms occurring within a weekor a few months of delivery, Meningitis, which is the most common symptom. Centers for Disease Control. Infants showing signs of infection within 12 hours to seven days after birth have early-onset GBS disease. If you have a planned cesarean birth (C-section), antibiotics are not required, as the risk of passing GBS to the infant born by C-section is lower than for vaginal birth. MeSH terms Adult Arthritis, Infectious / diagnosis Cross Infection / diagnosis or. Group B Streptococcus (group B strep or GBS) is a bacterium that occurs naturally in the gastrointestinal and genital tracts (vagina, uterus, and fallopian tubes). If you have risk factors that make you susceptible to GBS, talk to your pregnancy care provider (such as an obstetrician) about taking precautions for group B strep. Although there is no prevention for adults, it's essential for pregnant people to be tested for the bacterium during pregnancy as a vital safety measure for preventing GBS disease in newborns. The signs and symptoms of early-onset GBS include: Early-onset GBS occurs more frequently than late-onset. It is a quick and simple test. In The birthing parent has a fever during labor. Bacteria called group B Streptococcus (group B strep, GBS) cause GBS disease. However, the best prevention for infants is for the parent to be tested for GBS during pregnancy. Since it lives in the vagina and rectum of some people, GBS can be passed from the pregnant parent to the baby during labor. Dealing with thrombocytopenia under homeopathy requires a detailed case taking. WebGroup B Strep Infection: GBS. Important Information given in this forum is given by way of exchange of views only, and those views are not necessarily those of ABC Homeopathy. Streptococcus agalactiae is the gram-positive bacterium responsible for the vaginal and vulvar inflammation and discharge, but it also causes lactobacilli to become rarer in the vagina and cause the pH to become less acidic (which isnt good in the vagina). Common symptoms of GBS in adults include: Common symptoms of GBS in newborns include: If you were treated for GBS during labor and your baby begins to show signs of GBS infection, seek medical attention immediately. Jessica is the owner and lead naturopath of My Vagina, and is a member of the: This resource is not a substitute for your doctor. If a patient tests positive for GBS, I often have her increase her zinc intake through food or supplementation. The meninges are membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord. Serenity Mirabito, MSN, RN, OCN, is a published oncology nurse writer who advocates for those surviving and thriving with cancer. Can I Give Birth Safely if I have Coronavirus? It is not to be treated as a medical diagnosis or prescription, and should not be used as a substitute for a consultation with a qualified homeopath or physician. Group strep b I am 18 weeks pregnant, age 32, blood type AB Negative. This is just a forum. It is recommendedthat antibiotics are given once labor has begun and every four hours duringactive labor until the baby is delivered. GBS testing is part of routine prenatal care, which can start before becoming pregnant. For example, cystitis (bladder pain) or pyelonephritis (kidney infection) can occur if the urinary tract is infected with GBS. Her course was complicated by a left-sided sinus vein thrombosis with extension to the external jugular A group B strep test is recommended for pregnant people to help prevent serious infections in newborns. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. GBS can also be a benign element of the vaginal microflora, but if you have GBS detected and have symptoms, its not a bad place to start pointing the finger. Group B Streptococcus also known as Group B Strep Infection (GBS) is a type of bacterial infection that can be found in a pregnant womans WebPatients receiving previous antibiotic therapy were significantly more likely to be colonized than infected with group B streptococci. The main reported symptoms being inflammation, itching and burning, with discharge. Add to cart Description GBS. Penicillin (CategoryB) is commonly used during pregnancy in non-allergic patients. Its important that you make, An ectopic pregnancy occurs when the fertilized egg attaches itself in a placeother than inside the uterus. Hepar Sulph 200 every 3 hours or twice daily. These infants can also suffer long-term health issues from meningitis. What is a group B strep (GBS) infection? This leaves many women without relief, untested (because many physicians dont believe or understand that group B strep affects the vagina. Taking antibiotics greatly decreases the chances of your baby developing early-onset group B strep infection. Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that live in the environment. Identification failure and misdiagnosis of group B strep Some GBS isolates are thought to be less common, which may contribute to misdiagnosis. Certainly do NOT use antibiotics. WebHomeopathic treatment for thrombocytopenia is based on the individual symptoms of the person. GBS can also affect the bones, joints, and soft tissue. WebHomeopathy medicines can very effectively manage strep throat infection. Some GBS isolates are thought to be less common, which may contribute to misdiagnosis. A GBS infection is a condition caused by bacteria called group B streptococcus. This will be an interactive session run by the homeopaths of Strep Throat, UTIs and Other Infections FB group. If you test positive for GBS, this simply means you are a carrier. Centers for Disease Control. GBS can be spread to the baby during childbirth. This resource is designed to increase your knowledge and empower you with your health options, not to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Group B Agalactiae Streptococcus | Homeopathy Plus Group B Agalactiae Streptococcus $ 17.00 $ 19.50 GBS. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. Source: National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Bacterial Diseases. Serenity Mirabito, MSN, RN, OCN, advocates for well-being, even in the midst of illness. If the birthing parent receives intravenous antibiotics during labor, they will drastically reduce the chance of their newborn being infected with GBS. Related Pages. Group B Streptococcus (group B strep, GBS) are bacteria that come and go naturally in the body. Most of the time the bacteria are not harmful, but they can cause serious illness in people of all ages. In fact, group B strep disease is a common cause of severe infection in newborns. The protocols have been used and tested over the last 100 years. A spinal tap is done to diagnose neonatal meningitis. The ABC Homeopathy Forum. The test involves a swab of both the vagina and the rectum. Partners should be treated also. Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine. If untreated, a baby born to a GBS-positive person is 20 times more likely to develop GBS. Assume posts are not from medical professionals. GBS is more prevalent in people who are overweight and diabetic. The bacterium is usually harmless in healthy adults. Group b strep: facts and statistics. The bacterium infects the fetus as it passes through the birth canal. She believes in arming her readers with the most current and trustworthy information leading to fully informed decision making. Group B Streptococcus (GBS; Streptococcus agalactiae) is a gram-positive coccus that frequently colonizes the human genital and gastrointestinal tracts and the upper respiratory tract in young infants [ 1,2 ]. Using the regular pill as emergency contraception, Jessica Lloyd - Naturopathic Practitioner, BHSc(N), Understanding and using Mayan abdominal massage, Understanding vulval lymphangioma circumscriptum, Use of oral zinc in lichen planus of the mouth and vulva, International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD), International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health (ISSWSH), National Vulvodynia Association (NVA) Australia, Australian Traditional Medicine Society (ATMS). Group B strep is not a sexually transmitteddisease (STD). Group B strep is a type of bacteria typically found in the rectum and vagina of some people, including 25% of pregnant parents. UpToDate. Strep throat is amenable to homeopathic treatment. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Copyright document.write(new Date().getFullYear()); American Pregnancy Association Web Design by Edesen, The First-Trimester Screening is an early optional non-invasive evaluation that combines a maternal blood screening test with an ultrasound evaluation, Hospitals and maternity wards have COVID-19 protocols in place to protect you and your newborn. Risk of death is lower among younger adults, and adults who do not have other medical conditions. Ultimate Remedies for Strep Throat and Enlarged Tonsils - Joette Strep B is a sign that your immune system is slightly below par. The list of homeopathic remedies for strep throat mentioned below are the most frequently used in the management of strep throat. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. 58. Assume posts are not from medical professionals. Herbs For GBS Prevention & Treatment As mentioned above, research shows that garlic can kill GBS. WebHealthcare providers prevent GBS infection in your baby by treating you with intravenous (IV) antibiotics during labor and delivery. In serious cases, GBS can cause meningitis,sepsis, pneumonia, or stillbirth. 1. Take Jarrows fem-dophilus probiotic The ONLY natural remedy with evidence-based research. A study from 2016 found that taking the probiotic reduced the presence of group b strep from 42.9% to 18%. That specific probiotic was used in the study. 2. Use probiotics vaginally (no evidence-based research for this, some comment on success with it) No. GBS can cause bladder and uterine infections for the mother. We do our best as science loving, evidence-based health practitioners to provide accurate, correct information, but we cannot replace your real-life health professionals. MERCURIUS SOL 200c: this remedy in homeopathy is helpful in an advanced stage of tonsillitis and strep throat and may well follow Hepar-sulph. This bacteria is normallyfound in the vagina and/or rectum of about 25% of all healthy, adult women. It seems important to know at the least if you have high levels of group B strep in your vagina and that correlates to symptoms. Mercurius Cyanatus 200+Belladonna3c every 3 hours. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all women whohave risk factors PRIOR to being screened for GBS (for example, womenwho have preterm labor beginning before completing 37 gestational weeks)are treated with IV antibiotics until their GBS status is established. Since they naturally live in the gastrointestinal tract, the bacteriacan come back after taking antibiotics. To post a reply, you must first LOG ON or Register. Compiled using information from the following sources: 1. It is best to discussthe pros and cons of taking antibiotics with your health care provider. If symptoms persist, seek professional medical attention. WebProtect Babies. Read our, Everything to Know About the Group B Strep Test, What New Parents Should Know About Strep Throat in Babies, Pneumococcal Vaccine: Types, Schedule, and Side Effects, Gestational Diabetes: Early Delivery in Pregnancy, Diagnosis, treatment and complications of group b strep, Group b streptococcus: trials and tribulations, Patient education: group b streptococcus and pregnancy (beyond the basics), Obesity, diabetes, and the risk of invasive group b streptococcal disease in nonpregnant adults in the united states, Pain, frequency, and burning upon urination. Open Forum Infectious Diseases. It is an important cause of It can affect adults, and typically causes diseasesof the skin, in soft tissues, theurinary tract, and bones and joints. Group b strep and pregnancy. A woman may test positive at certain timesand negative at others. Also, waiting totreat the baby with antibiotics after birth is often too late to preventillness if the baby is at high risk of contracting GBS. Studies show thattesting done within 5 weeks of delivery is the most accurate at predictingthe GBS status at birth. My Vagina understands GBS can and does cause vaginal infection and inflammation, often appearing alone or with other pathogens. Group B Streptococcus (group B strep, GBS) can cause serious illness in people of all ages, but especially newborns. The birthing parent currently has or has had a. Important Information given in this forum is given by way of exchange of views only, and those views are not necessarily those of ABC Homeopathy. WebPathogen name and classification. Fast Facts. Humans can contract strep C and G by drinking raw milk or contacting infected animals. Variants can behave differently, producing a variety of symptoms or no symptoms at all. Although GBS is rare in pregnant women, the outcome can be severe. Group B Streptococcus also known asGroup B Strep Infection (GBS) is a type of bacterial infection that can be found in a pregnant womans vagina or rectum. English. Although scientists are working on a vaccine, there is no way to prevent GBS in pregnant people. The signs and symptoms of late-onset GBS include: Late-onset GBS could have been passed during delivery, or the baby may havecontracted it by coming in contact with someone who has GBS. GBS affects approximately 25% of those who are pregnant. This doesnt mean group B strep is the issue, per se, but it doesnt mean it isnt either. Test results are usually available within 24 to 48 hours. After birth, newborns who acquire GBS can become very sick with meningitis (brain infection). Bear in mind that even minor symptoms can be a sign of a more serious underlying condition, and a timely diagnosis by your doctor could save your life. This is only treating the symptom, but it might provide a little relief. However, you will still need to be tested for GBS in case you go into labor before your scheduled C-section. My Vagina is run by qualified health professionals from Melbourne, Australia. If you test positive for GBS, you will receive intravenous antibiotics during labor. The bacteria that causes group B strep normally lives in the intestines,vagina, or rectum, and approximately 25% of all healthy women carry group B strepbacteria. WebThe Banerjies use. GBS is often dismissed as a transient bugdespite evidence to the contrary. Group B strep (streptococcus) is a common bacterium often carried in the intestines or lower genital tract. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Group B Streptococcus (GBS; Streptococcus agalactiae) is a gram-positive coccus that frequently colonizes the human genital and gastrointestinal tracts and the Davies HG, Carreras-Abad C, Le Doare K, Heath PT. Strep B can be cured by antibiotics in newborns, but they must be given quickly through an IV for up to 14 days. WebOverview. WebDecember 2018. For women who are group B strep carriers, antibiotics given before laborbegins are not effective at preventing the transmission of the group B bacteria. Signs and symptoms of group b strep. Banjeri protocols, simply explained, are tried and true homeopathic remedy protocols created by master homeopaths in India. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved, Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Not every baby who is born to a mother who tests positive for GBS will becomeill. Williams Obstetrics Twenty-Second Ed. Unfortunately, oral antibiotics are not strong enough to protect the infant from GBS disease safely. Approximately 1 out of every 200 babies who are bornto mothers who carry GBS will become ill. Obesity, diabetes, and the risk of invasive group b streptococcal disease in nonpregnant adults in the united states. Although the bacterium is not usually harmful to adults, it can cause serious side effects in infants. There are four types of streptococcus: groups A, B, C, and G. Groups C and G are rare, affecting animals such as horses and cattle. The second protocol is best for pus-infected tonsils. Group B strep is an organism thats very sensitive to penicillin, so when we give penicillin to a pregnant patient, it reduces the bacteria within one to two hours, Dr. Scrambled and looked at my lab results and saw one had been updated as abnormal and mentioned group b strep. Group BStrep Streptococcus agalactiae in the vagina is only starting to get more recognition, though there is still controversy over the impact of group B strep in the vagina. So, receiving prepregnancy care for these conditions may help reduce your chances of becoming infected with the bacterium. If untreated, GBS can result in life-threatening consequences for the infant. Although GBS may be spread through sexual contact, it is not considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI). For more information, see our Privacy Policy and Disclaimer. You will only be treated for GBS before labor should you become symptomatic of a GBS infection such as a UTI, a skin infection, or pneumonia. Amother can pass GBS to her baby during delivery. On average, 8% of adults with invasive group B strep infections (infections where the bacteria have entered a part of the body that is normally not exposed to bacteria) die. Group B Strep Explainedis the second edition of a popular book by Dr Sara Wickham. If you test positive, you'll be given antibiotics as soon as you go into labor. Women who test positive for GBS are said to be colonized. It is possible that advice given here may be dangerous, and you should make your own checks that it is safe. Streptococcus agalactiae or group B streptococcus (GBS)a gram-positive, -hemolytic organism in the Streptococcus genus that carries the Lancefield group B antigen. Centers for Disease Control. 2019;38(6S):S72-S76. Treating the mother with oral antibiotics during the pregnancy may decreasethe amount of GBS for a short time, but it will not eliminate the bacteriacompletely and will leave the baby unprotected at birth. Some believe it is a benign coloniser only, while there is evidence that at minimum, other infections or inflammation of the vagina can result in higher levels of group B strep overall at the least. This infection typically affects newborn babies and can result in life-threatening infections that cause septicaemia, meningitis and pneumonia. GBS are encapsulated organisms and ten antigenically distinct capsular serotypes have been described (1a, 1b, IIIX). WebThuja is ok after the first 12 weeks of a pregnancy. I called the OB office to get the info but it was such a scary way to find out. We will present cases and remedies, and hope to have time at the end to answer questions. When these membranes become infected in a newborn it's called neonatal meningitis. Homeopathy medicines can very effectively manage strep throat infection. Homeopathy medicines for strep throat are selected based on individual symptoms. Some top-rated medicines for strep throat in the Homeopathy mode of treatment are Belladonna, Streptococcinum, Merc Sol, Hepar Sulph and Phytolacca. Group B Streptococcus (group B strep or GBS) is a bacterium that occurs naturally in the gastrointestinal and genital tracts (vagina, uterus, and fallopian tubes). Diagnosis of GBS can be made by a swab test, a urine test, or blood test. GBS are normally found in the digestive organs It is not to be treated as a medical diagnosis or prescription, and should not be used as a substitute for a consultation with a qualified homeopath or physician. FTM here & just found out I am positive for group b strep. It is possible that advice given here may be dangerous, and you should make your own checks that it is safe. She presented to the emergency room with an altered level of consciousness; the organism was isolated from her spinal fluid and blood. Group B Strep Treatment: What to Do If You Test Positive for GBS Last Reviewed: October 18, 2022. Partners should be treated also. Bacteria can travel to other organs like the lungs or brain if they enter the bloodstream. Group b streptococcus: trials and tribulations. This is just a forum. How is Group B Streptococcus (GBS) treated? In the pregnant mother: The most effective way to prevent GBS infection in your baby is to treat you with antibiotics during labor if you test positive as a carrier of GBS. WebI went home and immediately started him on the homeopathic remedy as strep is one acute that I do not like to tackle on my own. People who are positive for GBS will need to be treated with antibiotics during labor to help prevent the baby from being infected. GBS is almost always diagnosed as bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections or trichomoniasis (a sexually transmitted infection). There are multiple strains of GBS being discovered, and that is one reason why it is hard to identify accurately. According to the CDC, if you have tested positive and are not high risk, your chances of delivering a baby with GBSare: If you test positive for GBS and meet the high-risk criteria, your physician will probably recommend giving you antibiotics through an IV during your delivery to prevent your baby from becoming ill. GBS affects about 1 in every 2,000 babies in the United States. WebZinc may help kill group B strep. Penicillin was the antibiotic to which these organisms were most susceptible; tetracycline and gentamicin showed the least activity. Time: 5:00 pm GMT | 12:00 pm EST. Patient education: group b streptococcus and pregnancy (beyond the basics). This free webinar will be of interest to you if. If you are GBS positive, labor has begun and/or your water has broken, most health care providers will still require youto be treated for GBS even if you are having a cesarean delivery. Cunningham,F. Gary, et al, Ch. The sampleis then taken to a lab where a culture is analyzed for any presenceof GBS. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. However, there are certain symptomsthat put a mother at a higher risk than others. If you're pregnant and you develop complications due to group B strep, you'll be given oral antibiotics, usually penicillin, amoxicillin (Amoxil, Larotid) or cephalexin As such, physicians include testing as a routine part of prenatalcare. Intravenous antibiotics (given through IV) are recommended duringdelivery to reduce the chance of your baby becoming sick. By Serenity Mirabito RN, OCN These symptoms include: In this case, your physician will want to use antibiotics to protect your baby from contracting GBS during delivery. Diagnosis, treatment and complications of group b strep. This screening isperformed between the 35th and 37th week of pregnancy. An infection of the placenta or amniotic fluid occurs. Serious group B strep infections in adults can be fatal. This is why it is important for all pregnant womento be tested for group B strep between 35 to 37 weeks of every pregnancy. Some top-rated Side effects from meningitis include deafness and long-term developmental disabilities. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. How Often to Dose The CDCstates that if a woman has a positive culture anytime during the currentpregnancy, she will not need to be re-screened and will automatically needto be treated with antibiotics during labor. The most common antibiotic to treat group B strep is No replies yet to 2011-09-20. If the baby shows symptoms of meningitis or other serious GBS is known to provoke an inflammatory reaction in the vagina, decrease lactobacilli populations, and causes very red and/or hot labia, perhaps even with vaginal fissures. WebNatural anti-inflammatories can reduce swelling in perianal strep. Babies may experience early or late-onset of GBS. Other risk factors for infants include: Most pregnant people with GBS are not symptomatic; they likely don't know they have the bacterium. For most women, there are no symptoms of carrying the GBS bacteria. Pregnant women can take steps to help protect parents, professionals and others to understand the issues and the evidence relating to the screening and prophylactic measures offered in the hope of preventing early-onset group B strep (EOGBS) disease. Adults at high risk for GBS infection include those who have the following: Since pregnant people are tested for GBS between 36 and 37 weeks' gestation, a baby born prematurelybefore this time frameis at risk of developing GBS disease. Apart from these few medicines, They give specific remedies, doses & frequencies. Intense flatulence by 4 p.m as if everything that he takes turns in to gas or wind, If you tested positive for GBS and labor has not begun and/or your water has not broken, then you do not need to be treatedfor GBS during delivery. After four doses of the remedy we transitioned to Phytolacca 1M (water dose, for right sided, swollen glands/tonsils, dark red throat etc). If symptoms persist, seek professional medical attention. All-natural anti-inflammatories include tomatoes, olive oil, leafy greens, fatty fish, curcumin (found in turmeric), walnuts, and zinc. There are, however, symptoms that may indicate you are ata higher risk of delivering a baby with GBS. Some infants can become infected with GBS seven days to three months after birth; this is called late-onset GBS disease. The Banjeri tonsillitis (also strep) protocol. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofy030. Log on / Register Basket Empty. To post a reply, you must first LOG ON or Register. Pregnant women can safely take up to 40mg of zinc per day. Symptoms of GBS depend on the body part that's infected with the bacterium. Oral antibiotics before labor are not effective in preventing GBS disease in infants. Homeopathy medicines for strep throat are selected based on individual symptoms. Bear in mind that even minor symptoms can be a sign of a more serious underlying condition, and a timely diagnosis by your doctor could save your life. Intravenous antibiotics are used to treat mothers and newborns with early-onset GBS. This article will discuss the cause, symptoms, risk factors, complications, and prevention of group B strep. Approximately 1 out of every 200 babies whose mothers carry GBS andare not treated with antibiotics will develop signs and symptoms of GBS. However, complications of GBS in adults are septicemia (blood infection), heart infection, pneumonia, skin infections, bone/joint infections, and meningitis. WebA case of group A streptococcal meningitis is reported in a 14-year-old girl with a history of recurrent otitis media. GBS bacteria commonly live in peoples gastrointestinal and genital tracts. They will be given repeatedly every few hours until delivery, which will kill the bacteria so that it is unlikely to infect your baby. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recommended routinescreening for vaginal strep B for all pregnant women. In addition, not all testing gear is created equal and cant necessarily easily pick up these sorts of bacteria. Although the diagnosis might cause some anxiety, especially for the parent of a child who has come down with it, prompt homeopathic attention along with adjunctive measures, such as dietary modifications and nutritional supplements, is the most Strep Throat & Homeopathy. WebGroup Strep B - ABC Homeopathy Forum. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002328. Not to be confused with group A strep, which is responsible for strep throat, group B strep is sometimes found in the rectum and vagina of people. Most cases occur, Establishing Paternity with Paternity Tests, Can I get pregnant ifand other questions about conception, Products & Tests to Support Your Pregnancy, Supplements and Medications for a Healthy Pregnancy, 3 Ways to Make Taking Prenatal Vitamins Easier. 2018;5(6):ofy030. Unfortunately, 4%5% of babies with GBS disease will die. Thereare substitute drugs for those who are allergic to penicillin, but these may cause an allergic reaction in some women as well. Meningitis, pneumonia, and septicemia are grave complications of early onset GBS. Jessica is a degree-qualified naturopath (BHSc) specialising in vulvovaginal health and disease, based in Melbourne, Australia. Pitts SI, Maruthur NM, Langley GE, et al. In some countries, pregnant people are tested for Group B Streptococcus (Group B Strep or GBS) bacteria towards the end of pregnancy.If a pregnant person is a carrier of Group B Strep (sometimes called colonized with GBS) and not treated with appropriate antibiotics during labor, then there is a 1-2% chance that their baby will develop Lycopodium has sore pain in the right hypochondrium which is aggravated by touch. Not every baby who is born to a mother who tests positive for GBSwill become ill. The medical treatment of group B Strep vaginitis may be a combination of topical lactobacilli probiotics plus antibiotics. Prevention. Didnt even know it existed and found out by getting a text that I had a prescription ready. The medical treatment of group B Strep vaginitis may be a combination of topical lactobacilli probiotics plus antibiotics. I assume that the blood group of the For example, Streptococcus (strep) is a type of bacteria found inside and outside humans and animals.

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