nervous tissue histology pptnervous tissue histology ppt

nervous tissue histology ppt11 Apr nervous tissue histology ppt

In addition to the dorsal and ventral horns, two structures especially obvious in the thoracic cord are the dorsal nucleus of Clarke and the lateral extension of the ventral horn. Pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex act as upper motor neurons, which then synapse with the lower motor neurons that are in direct contact with muscles to initiate contraction. Myelin is lipid-rich, and on gross inspection appears white. Like a few other parts of the body, the brain has a privileged blood supply. This is done by the use of a complementary nucleotide probe, which contains a radioactive or fluorescent label. Tissue preparation, tissue staining, microscopy, hybridisation. Some neurons are named on the basis of those sorts of classifications (Figure 3). I love Histology! Deep to the gray matter of the cerebral cortex is the white matter that conveys myelinated fibers between different parts of the cortex and other regions of the CNS. Nervous tissue. NERVOUS TISSUE Nervous tissue consists of two groups of cell types: Nerve cells (Neurons) Neuroglia. Slide 66a View Virtual Slide shows a section of thoracic spinal cord. Vocal cords are housed in the larynx, formed by two folds of mucosa, each containing a supporting ligament (vocalis ligament) and a skeletal muscle (vocalis muscle). The excretory system includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. Oligodendrocytes have processes that reach out to multiple axon segments, whereas the entire Schwann cell surrounds just one axon segment. The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and its associated organs (tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder). Contents Neuron Nerve cell processes Synapses And impulse transmission The neuroglia Myelin sheath 2 3. In the PNS, myelin is produced by Schwann cells, which wrap around the axon. Unlike the highly organized cerebellar cortex, the cerebral cortex appears to be less well-organized when viewed with the light microscope. The gray matter contains relatively more neuronal and glial perikarya, as well as non-myelinated (e.g. Let histology be a piece of cake once you learn how to examine a histology slide! It relays sensory input to cerebellar cortex. Muscle attaches to bone via tendons; bundles of dense regular connective tissue made out of many collagen type I fibers. Primarily, the PNS is made up of the axons of neurons whose cell bodies are located within the CNS (within the brain for cranial nerves and the spinal cord for peripheral nerves yet another way to divide the nervous system based on location). Neuroglia. Smooth muscle tissue appears non-striated because of the less orderly arrangement of their filaments. Histology of Nervous Tissue Feature of nerves tissue Type of cell: neuron & neuroglia General feature of neuron Type of Expert Help As the name implies, the cell body is shaped somewhat like a pyramid, with a large, branching dendrite extending from the apex of the pyramid toward the cortical surface, and with an axon extending downward from the base of the pyramid. Due the nature of histological sampling, it is impossible to see the entirety of a three-foot-long neuron on a single slide. You may be able to see subtle differences in the distribution of cell types in rather loosely demarcated layers. Lining ventricles of the brain, creating CSF. The information we provide is grounded on academic literature and peer-reviewed research. The medial surface of the section is the posterior portion of the thalamus and a small portion of the cerebral peduncle. All of this is surrounded by three connective tissue membranes (meninges): dura, arachnoid and the pia mater. When viewing the microscopic anatomy of the ovary, we can see that it consists of a surface germinal epithelium (capsule), ovarian follicles (cortex) and connective tissue (capsule, cortex medulla). Under light microscopy, skeletal and cardiac muscles appear striated due to the parallel arrangement of their contractile filaments into repeating units called sarcomeres. They are large, easily distinguishable, and have an extensive dendritic tree that is not visible in typical histology. The choroid plexus is a specialized structure in the ventricles where ependymal cells come in contact with blood vessels and filter and absorb components of the blood to produce cerebrospinal fluid. The product is the magnifying power of the objective (4x, 10x, 20x, 40x or 100x) multiplied by the power of the ocular lenses (10x). DNA is condensed and coiled up into chromosomes. 3. Do you know why some structures stain blue (basophilic) and others pink (eosinophilic)? Remember, a nerve is a bundle of axons, running in parallel, in the PNS. In general, the brain is composed of an exterior layer of grey matter covering internal areas of white matter, with another internal layer of grey matter in the deepest part of the brain (called the basal nuclei). Histology - Histology. Some ways in which they support neurons in the central nervous system are by maintaining the concentration of chemicals in the extracellular space, removing excess signaling molecules, reacting to tissue damage, and contributing to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Dendrites of Purkinje cells extend deep into the molecular layer, while the axons of Purkinje cells cross the granular layer and join other nerve fibers in the interior white matter of the cerebellum. Slide of tissue is followed by slide of tissue with correct answer. Name this exception. They can be classified as sensory or autonomic. What is the distinction between the CNS and the PNS? Together these organs provide the ability of reproduction and sexual intercourse. Click on a question to reveal the answer. Cells are categorized into various types, all of which perform different functions. Many of these astrocytes send out processes that contact and wrap around nearby capillaries, which are also clearly recognizable as tube-shaped segments. In this article, we will introduce you to the microscopic world of histology. The dendritic tree and axon of each Purkinje cell can only be seen in thicker sections stained with special silver stains. Within the medulla, most axons will cross over to the opposite hemisphere of the brain from which they originated a process called decussation and then continue within the white matter of the spinal cord, before synapsing with interneurons and lower motor neurons, in the grey matter of the spinal cord. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Afferent, efferent, visceral and more. Nervous tissue histology 1. Histology of the Nervous System Description: Histology of the Nervous System X-Section of Brain Tissue 4 1 2 3 1. They are separated into four categories: muscular, nervous, epithelial and connective. In these slides, dorsal happens to be "up," but you should be able to tell dorsal and ventral horns based on morphology and the cells present rather than the orientation. A few other processes provide the same insulation for other axon segments in the area. All cells of the human body are eukaryotic, meaning that they are organized into two parts: nucleus and cytoplasm. Histology 5.ppt CT, Bone Histology 5 supplement.ppt : Histology 6.ppt Muscle: Histology Lab 4.doc Muscle and Start of Nervous Tissue: Histology 7.ppt M, Nervous: Histology Lab 5.doc Nervous (continued), Digestion Start: Histology 8.ppt Nervous : Histology 9.ppt : Histology 10.ppt Nervous: Histology11.ppt CNS, Digestion : Histology 12.ppt . Nevertheless, even if they cannot be easily seen, and one specific process is definitively the axon, these neurons have multiple processes and are therefore multipolar. Kim Bengochea, Regis University, Denver. Below the dermis, a layer of subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) is found. The PNS is all neural tissue outside of the CNS, i.e. Ongoing research into these cells, although not entirely conclusive, suggests that they may originate as white blood cells, called macrophages, that become part of the CNS during early development. It provides preganglionic visceral motor output to sympathetic ganglia. Body tissues are collections of cells, grouped in the body according to structure and function. The dendrites are projections that branch many times, forming small, tree-shaped structures protruding from the cell body that provide locations for other neurons to communicate with the cell body. 49 Motor nerve cell - Ventral Horn of Rabbit Spinal Cord, MultipolarMotor Neuron Cell BodyView Virtual EM Slide Motor Neuron Cell Body. Muscle cells have a specialized type of smooth endoplasmic reticulum called sarcoplasmic reticulum, which stores calcium ions. The respiratory system consists of the lungs and a series of passageways (nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses, larynx, trachea and bronchi) that connect alveoli to the external environment. Slide 077 20XCerebellum white and grey matter H&E View Virtual Slide, Slide 077 40XCerebellum molecular layer, Purkinje cell bodies H&E View Virtual Slide, Slide 077a Cerebellum luxol blue cross View Virtual Slide. Nervous tissue contains two basic categories of cells: neurons and support cells (glia). Thoroughly learn the parts of a cell using our diagrams and cell quizzes! All rights reserved. They have rectangular bodies and many dendrite like projections stemming from their shorter sides. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Afferent, efferent, visceral and more. Slide 13270 astrocytes, Gold-staining View Virtual Slide Go to a lighter stained area of the slide, which is in focus, and look for typical star-shaped cells, which represent astrocytes. As such, nerves do not contain neural cell bodies. Available at theiTunes Storeand for Android users at theGoogle Play Store. Be sure you identify the white matter in bothluxol blue-stainedslide 076View ImageandTB&E-stained#076bView Imagesections, as it will appear differently in these two stains. Most of the respiratory tract is lined by respiratory mucosa; a pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with mucus producing goblet cells. Skin glands include sweat glands (apocrine and eccrine) and sebaceous holocrine glands, both are important in regulating body temperature. This Power point presentation will allow students to practice the skill of identifying tissue types from 25 histology slides. The arrow indicates a morphological type of neuron. The lipids are essentially the phospholipids of the glial cell membrane. A longitudinal section of a nerve looks very different than a transverse section: In a longitudinal section of a nerve (Figure 9), the axons stain darker and are visible as purple lines. Epithelial cells form two important histological structures within the brain; the blood-brain barrier and the choroid plexus. Neurons are the primary type of cell that most anyone associates with the nervous system. Human anatomy is pretty straightforward. Aside from finding efficacious substances, the means of delivery is also crucial. These include epithelial cells, fibroblasts, neutrophils, erythrocytes, keratinocytes, chondrocytes just to name a few. Neurons in the dorsal horn are essentially interneurons that project to other regions of the CNS (e.g., motor neurons in the spinal cord or sensory input to the brain), so they have much smaller overall volume and therefore much less metabolic demand compared to motor neurons which project to target muscles that may be more than a meter away. Chapter 1 The Cell Chapter 2 Epithelium Chapter 3 Connective Tissue Chapter 4 Muscle Chapter 5 Cartilage and Bone Chapter 6 Nervous Tissue Chapter 7 Peripheral Blood Chapter 8 Hematopoiesis Organ Systems But most everything else cannot, including white blood cells, which are one of the bodys main lines of defense. All of these components work together to provide movement to the body. The blood-brain barrier is a physiological barrier that keeps many substances that circulate in the rest of the body from getting into the central nervous system, restricting what can cross from circulating blood into the CNS. motor neurons in the spinal cord or sensory input to the brain), so they have much smaller overall volume and therefore much less metabolic demand compared to motor neurons which project to target muscles that may be more than a meter away. View HISTOLOGY OF NERVOUS TISSUE A.ppt from BIO 001 at Holy Angel University. In a transverse section of a nerve (Figure 10), single myelinated axons look like little circles organized in bundles called fascicles. Some well-known lymphatic nodules include; the tonsils, Peyers patches and vermiform appendix. The small gap in the myelin sheath that occurs between adjacent Schwann cells is called a node of Ranvier. Identify all four general tissue types Answer: epithelial, connective, muscular & nervous Which of the four basic types is described below: Contains free edge Lines hollow organs Anchored by basement membrane Answer:Epithelial tissue Which of the four basic types is described below: Lack blood vessels, Readily divide Cells are tightly packed Histology Copyright by Malgosia Wilk-Blaszczak. With one exception, neurons such as this (though not necessarily this large) are found in ALL areas of the nervous system. Anaxonic neurons are very small, and if you look through a microscope at the standard resolution used in histology (approximately 400X to 1000X total magnification), you will not be able to distinguish any process specifically as an axon or a dendrite. Our engaging videos, interactive quizzes, in-depth articles and HD atlas are here to get you top results faster. This is the final course in the series that will explore special stains used in the clinical histology laboratory. Histology Study of Tissues Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Nervous and Muscular Tissue Intercellular Junctions, Glands and Membranes Tissue Growth, Development . At the end of the axon is the axon terminal, where there are usually several branches extending toward the target cell, each of which ends in an enlargement called a synaptic end bulb. How. Bones articulate with other bones by way of joints, which can be synovial, fibrous or cartilaginous. One of the two types of glial cells found in the PNS is the satellite cell. Peripheral nerves are analogous with neural tracts of the CNS. Movement on one side of the body is often controlled by nerve impulses originating on the opposite side of the brain. What anatomical feature explains this phenomenon? Histology Complete and Basic Tissues. One cell providing support to neurons of the CNS is the astrocyte, so named because it appears to be star-shaped under the microscope (astro- = star). Glucosethe primary energy sourceis allowed, as are amino acids. Read more. The dorsal nucleus of Clarke slide 066a View Image is in the dorsal horn and contains relatively large, multipolar neurons that receive proprioceptive information from dorsal root ganglion cells that are innervated by muscle spindles in the trunk and lower limb. Use the virtual slide of the hippocampal region to study the ependymal cell lining of the choroid plexus. It consists of a few cells and an abundance of extracellular matrix. Histology. Because of this, only specific types of molecules can enter the CNS. - PowerPoint PPT presentation Number of Views: 793 Avg rating:3.0/5.0 Slides: 13 Provided by: RachelA156 Category: Click on explore at the bottom of the page 3. The proteins are then exposed to labeled artificial antibodies that bind to the protein of interest and catalyse a chemiluminescent reaction, in which light is emitted as a result of a chemical reaction allowing visualization of the protein. Above the temporal (ventral or inferior) horn of the lateral ventricle the lateral geniculate nucleus is present. The entirety of the lungs is externally lined by pleura, a thin epithelial layer made of squamous cells with a thin underlying layer of connective tissue.Learn more about the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract. Because information flows through the neuron from dendrites or cell bodies toward the axon, these names are based on the neurons polarity (Figure 2). The Neuron Special property of irritability & conductivity Nerve cells are capable of receiving the . Figure 1, Figure 4, and Figure 5 show the myelin sheath surrounding an axon segment, but are not to scale. Nonetheless, it is loosely stratified into layers containing scattered nuclei of both neurons and glial cells. A group of organs united by similar functions. Nervous or the nerve tissue is the main tissue of our nervous system. It consists of small, spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells and ground substance with sparse collagen and reticular fibers. The glial cell is wrapped around the axon several times with little to no cytoplasm between the glial cell layers. Because of the difficulty of discerning each glial cell type by routine light microscopy, you will not be required to identify glial cells in HE-stained sections by light microscopy, but you should be aware of their functions. The ventral spinal cord. Name the part of the central nervous system that isdisplayed in this tissue section. One or more cell processes may also be seen emerging from the neuronal perikaryon. 1. The primary purpose of this article is to evaluate the histology of peripheral nervous tissue. Mucoid connective tissue is a fetal tissue present in the umbilical cord. Neurons are the primary type of cell that most anyone associates with the nervous system. Kenhub. Uploaded on Jun 06, 2013 Elina + Follow cuboidal epithelium water loss The inner edge wraps around the axon, creating several layers, and the other edge closes around the outside so that the axon is completely enclosed.Myelin sheaths can extend for one or two millimeters, depending on the diameter of the axon. Since tissues are relatively colorless, the magnifying properties of the optic microscope are not sufficient for proper visualization of a specimen; therefore staining techniques described above are coupled with optic microscopy. Nails are plates of proliferating keratinized cells that, similar to hair, contain hard keratin. These sections are then mounted on a glass slide, using a mounting medium as an adhesive. The white matter contains nerve fibers (axons) entering and exiting the gray matter, and traveling up and down the spinal cord, linking it to the brain. Scattered in the cytoplasm are the characteristic clusters of ribosomes and rough ER termed Nissl bodies or Nissl substanceslide 066aView Image. Both respond immunologically to foreign material in the fluid passing through. Continue your learning with these resources. The other processes of the neuron are dendrites, which receive information from other neurons at specialized areas of contact called synapses. A unity of cells with a similar structure that as a whole express a definite and unique function. Depending on the number of layers, epithelial tissue is classified into simple (single layered) or stratified (multi-layered). Title: PowerPoint Presentation Author: Jennifer Ann Jost Last modified by: Jeff Keyte Created Date: 10/29/2003 10:25:53 PM Document presentation . Nervous tissue is made of cells (neurons and glial cells) and extracellular matrix. Water and some other small particles, like gases and ions, can enter. Additional sub-classifications are possible, based on the cell specializations. Both neurons and glia have fine processes projecting from the cell body, which generally cannot be resolved in the light microscope without special staining techniques. Some of the proteins help to hold the layers of the glial cell membrane closely together.The appearance of the myelin sheath can be thought of as similar to the pastry wrapped around a hot dog. This nerve was additionally stained with osmium and the membranes of myelin are visible as dark rings. Four of them are found in the CNS and two are found in the PNS. Those processes extend to interact with neurons, blood vessels, or the connective tissue covering the CNS that is called the pia mater (Figure 4). 5 Nervous system The introductory part of the chapter is adapted from BC OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology book under the CC BY license. Lateral to this structure is the tail of the caudate. Specialized connective tissue includes the blood, reticular, cartilage, bone and adipose tissue. Name thefunction of the cell marked by the black arrow. Grey matter is composed mainly of unmyelinated cell bodies and dendrites, and appears grey in color. Basic nervous tissue staining mechanisms and classification of nervous tissue elements will be discussed. system is called neurology. Hair follicles are invaginations of the epidermis that contain rapidly proliferating and keratinizing cells responsible for the production and growth of hair. Much like the male, the female reproductive system is also designed for reproduction and sexual pleasure. 3. The lighter-colored layers on both sides of the axon are myelin. Slides include types of epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle tissue and is ideal for an anatomy and physiology course. The cells of the genital ducts and glands produce secretions to support this process. The cytoplasm contains specialized subunits called organelles which work like little organs. Many neurons in the spinal cord may appear shrunken and surrounded by an empty space due to poor fixation. Correct answer 4. Want to create or adapt books like this? At a microscopic level, a nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and a series of tubules. At one end of the axon are dendrites, and at the other end, the axon forms synaptic connections with a target. Using the standard model of neurons, one of these processes is the axon, and the rest are dendrites. Based on the number of processes, neurons are classified into multipolar, bipolar and unipolar. Tissues join together in different arrangements to form our body organs. Histology of Nervous Tissue PROF. DR. FAUZIAH OTHMAN DEPT OF HUMAN ANATOMY 2 Feature of nerves tissue Type of cell neuron neuroglia General feature of neuron Type of neuroglia astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, ependymal cell, microglia Synapses Myelin formation function General structure of peripheral nerves Ganglia dorsal root ganglia autonomic ganglia Young, B., Woodford, P., ODowd, G., & Wheater, P. R. (2014). For example, a multipolar neuron that has a very important role to play in a part of the brain called the cerebellum is known as a Purkinje (commonly pronounced per-KIN-gee) cell. There are 6 classically recognized layers of the cortex: Pyramidal cells in layers III and V tend to be larger because their axons contribute to efferent projections that extend to other regions of the CNS pyramidal neurons in layer V of motor cortices send projections all the way down to motor neurons in the spinal cord! They are stabilized by ligaments, flexible fibrous bands made of dense regular connective tissue. The length of the axon between each gap, which is wrapped in myelin, is referred to as an axon segment. Glial cells, or glia, are known to play a supporting role for nervous tissue. Nicola McLaren MSc Grounded on academic literature and research, validated by experts, and trusted by more than 2 million users. Any size contribution is welcomed and will help us to provide these popular review tools to students at the University of Michigan and to many more worldwide. Tissuesare classified into four basic types: epithelium, connective tissue (includes cartilage, bone and blood), muscle, and nervous tissue. It is the axon that propagates the nerve impulse, which is communicated to one or more cells. Multiple muscle cells are bound by connective tissue into fascicles, and multiple fascicles join to form a muscle belly. Organelles can be membranous (mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum) or non-membranous (ribosomes, nucleolus, centrioles). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Many types of glial cells require special histological stains and cant be unambiguously identified in regular H&E-stained histological slides. Within the axon hillock, the cytoplasm changes to a solution of limited components called axoplasm. It is permeable to oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gases, allowing for the occurrence of gas exchange. Astrocytes have many processes extending from their main cell body (not axons or dendrites like neurons, just cell extensions). The study of. In this electron micrograph, note some of the features you saw in ventral horn motor neurons with the light microscope, such as the large, pale nucleus, prominent nucleolus, Nissl bodies, dendrites and axon. Health Information Technology & Services. These vibrate to produce sound as air passes through them. However, the endothelial cells maintain these junctions in response to signals (via foot processes) from ASTROCYTES. Mescher, A. L. (2013). It consists of widely separated mesenchymal cells and ground substance with an abundance of hyaluronic acid. One oligodendrocyte will provide the myelin for multiple axon segments, either for the same axon or for separate axons. You should also identify the dorsal and ventral horns in slide 65-1N stained with Masson trichrome. the peripheral nerves and peripheral ganglia. Neurons in the dorsal horn are essentially interneurons that project to other regions of the CNS (e.g. Bipolar cells have two processes, which extend from each end of the cell body, opposite to each other. When responding to a foreign threat, immune system cells can activate non-specific inflammation or progress to a specific immune response. By examining a thin slice of bone tissue under a microscope, colorized with special staining techniques, you see that these seemingly simple bones are actually a complex microworld containing an array of structures with various different functions. Electron microscopy (EM) is a more modern form of microscopy that provides a much higher magnification and high resolution images. Which of the following cell types contributes to maintenance of the blood-brain barrier? Review the organization of gray and white matter in cerebral cortex vs. spinal cord. Thus, in the 'white matter' of the brain and spinal cord, myelinated axons are the predominant neuronal cell component and most of the the nuclei that you see in white matter are primarily of glial cells. Diffuse lymphoid tissues and lymphatic nodules are non-encapsulated accumulations of lymphoid tissue found in locations such as the alimentary, respiratory and genitourinary tracts. A group of neuronal cell bodies is called a nucleus in the brain or spinal cord, and a ganglion in the PNS. Blotting technique is a method of localizing and quantifying proteins, DNA and RNA. Central Nervous System Connective Tissue Ear Endocrine System Epithelial Tissue Eye Female Reproductive System . Wheater's Nervous tissues and Central nervous system, Ross and Pawlina (6th ed), Chapter 12 Nerve Tissue, Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a, Michigan Histology and Virtual Microscopy Learning Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License. Each gap is called a node of Ranvier and is important to the way that electrical signals travel down the axon. The perikarya of large somatic motor neurons slide 065-2 View Image located in the ventral horn of the cord innervate the skeletal muscles of the limbs and trunk, which are embryologically derived from somites (hence, somatic muscles). The latter constitutes the diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES). Get an overview of the different types of epithelial tissue: Connective tissue connects, separates and supports the body organs.

Laurel Highlands Basketball Roster, Lee County Contractor Licensing, Articles N