[282] There are three public libraries in the 4th arrondissement. Other famous Paris music halls include Le Lido, on the Champs-Élysées, opened in 1946; and the Crazy Horse Saloon, featuring strip-tease, dance and magic, opened in 1951. Strasbourg 433 Kilometer. [15] The Orsay displays French art of the 19th century, including major collections of the Impressionists and Post-Impressionists. [196] The Paris region's manufacturing decline is quickly being replaced by eco-industries: these employ about 100,000 workers. Paris hosts one of the largest science museums in Europe, the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie at La Villette. Between 1853 and 1870, Emperor Napoleon III and the city's first director of parks and gardens, Jean-Charles Adolphe Alphand, created the Bois de Boulogne, Bois de Vincennes, Parc Montsouris and Parc des Buttes-Chaumont, located at the four points of the compass around the city, as well as many smaller parks, squares and gardens in the Paris's quarters. These include both restaurants which serve classical French cuisine, such as L'Ambroisie in the Place des Vosges, and those which serve non-traditional menus, such as L'Astrance, which combines French and Asian cuisines. Use the Distance calculator given below to find distance between any two cities or places. This was an increase of 588 persons since 2018. The city sometimes sees light snow or flurries with or without accumulation. [179] According to a 2011 survey by the IFOP, a French public opinion research organisation, 61 percent of residents of the Paris Region (Île-de-France) identified themselves as Roman Catholic. [337] Paris also holds the headquarters of the La Poste, France's national postal carrier. [222], In addition to hotels, in 2019 Greater Paris had 60,000 homes registered with Airbnb. This fast, modern and luxurious train will get you to your destination in just under 3 hours and 20 minutes. How many miles is it from Rome to Paris. Every July, the Tour de France bicycle race finishes on the Avenue des Champs-Élysées in Paris. The Keys are 120 miles long. Its name is said to have come in 1814 from the Russian soldiers who occupied the city; "bistro" means "quickly" in Russian, and they wanted their meals served rapidly so they could get back their encampment. Louis-Philippe was overthrown by a popular uprising in the streets of Paris in 1848. [301], Internationally, air traffic has increased markedly in recent years between Paris and the Gulf airports, the emerging nations of Africa, Russia, Turkey, Portugal, Italy, and mainland China, whereas noticeable decline has been recorded between Paris and the British Isles, Egypt, Tunisia, and Japan.[302][303]. This Leconte Edition of Paris map book is easy to read and easy to put away. 687 miles / 1105.62 km is the flight distance between these two places. Romantic-era composers (in Paris) include Hector Berlioz (La Symphonie fantastique), Charles Gounod (Faust), Camille Saint-Saëns (Samson et Delilah), Léo Delibes (Lakmé) and Jules Massenet (Thaïs), among others. No – Was It Before? From one of Europe's most beloved cities to another, the route from Barcelona to Paris is well-traveled. The traditional kepis of the gendarmes were replaced in 2002 with caps, and the force modernised, though they still wear kepis for ceremonial occasions. There are about 150 bookstores in the 5th arrondissement alone, plus another 250 book stalls along the Seine. [197], In 2018, Paris was the most expensive city in the world with Singapore and Hong Kong. Paris is a city in Henry County, Tennessee, 86 miles (138 km) west of Nashville, on a fork of the West Sandy River. It became a prosperous city with a forum, baths, temples, theatres, and an amphitheatre. It supervises the units of the National Police who patrol the city and the three neighbouring departments. [294] Five new light rail lines are currently in various stages of development.[296]. To use the public telephones in Paris a phone card must be purchased first. The electrical outlets accept both double and triple-pronged plugs, sometimes both, sometimes only the double-prong plug. Paris is the core of a built-up area that extends well beyond its limits: commonly referred to as the agglomération Parisienne, and statistically as a unité urbaine (a measure of urban area), the Paris agglomeration's 2017 population of 10,784,830[168] made it the largest urban area in the European Union. Loading... Full Screen . The inventor Nicéphore Niépce produced the first permanent photograph on a polished pewter plate in Paris in 1825. It’s still relatively easy to find economy awards for only 30,000 miles each way, but business class has gotten much more expensive. [97], Paris is located in northern central France, in a north-bending arc of the river Seine whose crest includes two islands, the Île Saint-Louis and the larger Île de la Cité, which form the oldest part of the city. After months of blockade, hunger, and then bombardment by the Prussians, the city was forced to surrender on 28 January 1871. The Hôtel Ritz on Place Vendôme opened in 1898, followed by the Hôtel Crillon in an 18th-century building on the Place de la Concorde in 1909; the Hotel Bristol on the Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré in 1925; and the Hotel George V in 1928. In 1982, Mayor Chirac introduced the motorcycle-mounted Motocrotte to remove dog faeces from Paris streets. From Paris to Boston, the distance is (only) 3440 miles, but there are 5570 miles between Paris and San Francisco. Weekly Parkruns take place in the Bois de Boulogne and the Parc Montsouris [321][322]. The total straight line flight distance from Munich, Germany to Paris, France is 427 miles.. [123], Paris' disconnect with its suburbs, its lack of suburban transportation, in particular, became all too apparent with the Paris agglomeration's growth. In 2012, 14 percent of households in the city earned less than €977 per month, the official poverty line. The river's mouth on the English Channel (La Manche) is about 233 mi (375 km) downstream from the city. Most of the campuses today are in the Latin Quarter where the old university was located, while others are scattered around the city and the suburbs.[279]. [91] On 13 November of the same year, a series of coordinated bomb and gunfire terrorist attacks in Paris and Saint-Denis, claimed by ISIL,[92] killed 130 people and injured more than 350. [12][13] However, the number of visitors plunged by 72 percent to 2.7 million visitors in 2020, due to the COVID virus and the drop in the number of foreign visitors. How Far is it Between Paris, France and Los Angeles California, Usa . On the public telephones, located below the receiver, is a slot to insert the card. Other than the hill of Montmartre and the Belleville area, the terrain of Paris changes less than the height of a ten story building. [21] By the 1860s, the boulevards and streets of Paris were illuminated by 56,000 gas lamps. It attracted 2.2 million visitors in 2018. [286] It is used for football, rugby union and track and field athletics. Paris received 38 million visitors in 2019, measured by hotel stays, with the largest numbers of foreign visitors coming from the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and China. Contact Details Phone 0033 892 353535 Website en.oui.sncf Train from Paris Gare De Lyon to Zuerich Hb Ave. [72] On 16–17 July 1942, following German orders, the French police and gendarmes arrested 12,884 Jews, including 4,115 children, and confined them during five days at the Vel d'Hiv (Vélodrome d'Hiver), from which they were transported by train to the extermination camp at Auschwitz. Modern Paris owes much of its downtown plan and architectural harmony to Napoleon III and his Prefect of the Seine, Baron Haussmann. [169], According to Eurostat, the EU statistical agency, in 2012 the Commune of Paris was the most densely populated city in the European Union, with 21,616 people per square kilometre within the city limits (the NUTS-3 statistical area), ahead of Inner London West, which had 10,374 people per square kilometre. Pierre Mignard became the first painter to King Louis XIV during this period. People have asked, "When is the best time to visit?". Bertrand Delanoë also transformed a section of the highway along the Left Bank of the Seine into an urban promenade and park, the Promenade des Berges de la Seine, which he inaugurated in June 2013. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis. After the marshland between the river Seine and its slower 'dead arm' to its north was filled in around the 10th century,[36] Paris' cultural centre began to move to the Right Bank. On 28 March, a revolutionary government called the Paris Commune seized power in Paris. Superimposed on this is a 'regional express network', the RER, whose five lines (A, B, C, D, and E), 257 stops and 587 km (365 mi) of rails connect Paris to more distant parts of the urban area.[294]. [49] A new boulevard, the Champs-Élysées, extended the city west to Étoile,[50] while the working-class neighbourhood of the Faubourg Saint-Antoine on the eastern site of the city grew more and more crowded with poor migrant workers from other regions of France. Driver meets you as you leave Customs. Striking examples of 20th-century architecture include the Centre Georges Pompidou by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano (1977), the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie by various architects (1986), the Arab World Institute by Jean Nouvel (1987), the Louvre Pyramid by I. M. Pei (1989) and the Opéra Bastille by Carlos Ott (1989). It takes an average of 3h 4m to travel from London to Paris by train, over a distance of around 213 miles (342 km). [196] Paris region manufacturing specialises in transportation, mainly automobiles, aircraft and trains, but this is in a sharp decline: Paris proper manufacturing jobs dropped by 64 percent between 1990 and 2010, and the Paris region lost 48 percent during the same period. As of 2012[update], around 50% of electricity generated in the Île-de-France comes from cogeneration energy plants located near the outer limits of the region; other energy sources include the Nogent Nuclear Power Plant (35%), trash incineration (9% – with cogeneration plants, these provide the city in heat as well), methane gas (5%), hydraulics (1%), solar power (0.1%) and a negligible amount of wind power (0.034 GWh). As a result, Paris has acquired a reputation as the "City of Art". You can also see the distance in miles and km below the map. Distance from Paris to Hong Kong (Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport – Hong Kong International Airport) is 5969 miles / 9607 kilometers / 5187 nautical miles. To the north of the city, they are grouped mainly in the Seine-Saint-Denis department, and to a lesser extreme to the east in the Val-d'Oise department. [93], On 3 February 2017, a two-backpack-carrying, machete-wielding attacker shouting "Allahu Akbar" attacked soldiers guarding the Louvre museum after they stopped him because of his bags; the assailant was shot, and no explosives were found. In 1900, 2,018 people lived in Paris, Tennessee; in 1910, 3,881; and in 1940, 6,395. [90] On 11 January an estimated 1.5 million people marched in Paris in a show of solidarity against terrorism and in support of freedom of speech. There are normally 2 trains per day travelling from London to Paris and tickets for this journey start from $75.35 when you book in advance. The highest point of elevation is not, as commonly believed, on the hill of Montmartre where the Basilica of Sacre Coeur is located. [96] On 19 June, a man rammed his weapons-and-explosives-laden vehicle into a police van on the Champs-Élysées, but the car only burst into flames. [37] The latter location housed the headquarters of Paris' river trade corporation, an organisation that later became, unofficially (although formally in later years), Paris' first municipal government. [33] As the Frankish domination of Gaul began, there was a gradual immigration by the Franks to Paris and the Parisian Francien dialects were born. Travel time to Paris, France How long does it take to drive? [57] A greater administrative Seine department had been governing Paris and its suburbs since its creation in 1790, but the rising suburban population had made it difficult to maintain as a unique entity. Other hospitals include Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (one of the largest in Europe), Hôpital Cochin, Bichat–Claude Bernard Hospital, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Bicêtre Hospital, Beaujon Hospital, the Curie Institute, Lariboisière Hospital, Necker–Enfants Malades Hospital, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Hôpital de la Charité and the American Hospital of Paris. Painting and sculpture became the pride of the French monarchy and the French royal family commissioned many Parisian artists to adorn their palaces during the French Baroque and Classicism era. The total driving distance from Paris, France to Lyon, France is 294 miles or 473 kilometers.. The calculated flying distance from London to Paris is equal to 214 miles which is equal to 344 km.. [17] Alfred Holder interpreted the name as 'the makers' or 'the commanders', by comparing it to the Welsh peryff ('lord, commander'), both possibly descending from a Proto-Celtic form reconstructed as *kwar-is-io-. Its headquarters is on Place Louis Lépine on the Île de la Cité.[138]. Between the wars it was the home of many important expatriate writers, including Ernest Hemingway, Samuel Beckett, and, in the 1970s, Milan Kundera. Paris, Texas is a city located 98 miles (158 km) northeast of the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex in Lamar County, Texas, in the United States. How far is it between London and Paris. [19] In any case, the city's name is not related to the Paris of Greek mythology. Other difficult areas are located in the Seine valley, in Évry et Corbeil-Essonnes (Essonne), in Mureaux, Mantes-la-Jolie (Yvelines), and scattered among social housing districts created by Delouvrier's 1961 "ville nouvelle" political initiative. A half dozen music halls exist today in Paris, attended mostly by visitors to the city.[238]. Map of flight path from Minneapolis to Paris. [191], The second-largest business district in terms of employment is La Défense, just west of the city, where many companies installed their offices in the 1990s. [268][269], In addition to the classical restaurants, Paris has several other kinds of traditional eating places. [175] These last two groups of immigrants are again vastly outnumbered by migrants from French overseas regions and territories located in the Americas and the South Pacific. Great reviews. Small Paris bookstores are protected against competition from discount booksellers by French law; books, even e-books, cannot be discounted more than five percent below their publisher's cover price.[245]. Snow falls every year, but rarely stays on the ground. [174] Note that the immigrants from the Americas and the South Pacific in Paris are vastly outnumbered by migrants from French overseas regions and territories located in these regions of the world. The oldest and most famous Paris theatre is the Comédie-Française, founded in 1680. Noted as the world's largest startup facility. Get a quick answer: It's 3,716 miles or 5981 km from Paris to Philadelphia, which takes about 7 hours, 56 minutes to fly. There are options for which depart from either of the two cities. It reached 2.25 million in 2011. Le relèvement initial du trajet entre Nice et Paris est de 328,36° et la direction indiquée par la boussole est NNW. The Hotel Meurice, opened for British travellers in 1817, was one of the first luxury hotels in Paris. The city was also bombed by Zeppelins and shelled by German long-range guns. [118] The remaining half of seats are distributed proportionally to all lists which win at least 5% of the vote using the highest averages method. Run by the Government of France, it performs mostly French classics at the Salle Richelieu in the Palais-Royal at 2 rue de Richelieu, next to the Louvre. From to. You can fly nonstop in business class from New York City (JFK) to Paris (CDG) for 63,000 JAL Mileage Bank miles plus about $135 in taxes and fees. Paris is divided into 20 districts called "arrondissements" and they are numbered 1 to 20. This map shows the distance from Paris, France to Los Angeles California, Usa. In the 20th century, the cafés of the Left Bank, especially Café de la Rotonde and Le Dôme Café in Montparnasse and Café de Flore and Les Deux Magots on Boulevard Saint Germain, all still in business, were important meeting places for painters, writers and philosophers. Paris is located 2,843.62 mi (4,576.37 km) south of the North Pole. A third one is the 1827 artificially created Île aux Cygnes. The driving distance is 530 miles and the flight distance is 398 miles. [5] Another source ranked Paris as most expensive, on a par with Singapore and Hong Kong, in 2018.[6][7]. It was the birthplace of Fauvism, Cubism and abstract art,[64][65] and authors such as Marcel Proust were exploring new approaches to literature. [284] Other academic libraries include Interuniversity Pharmaceutical Library, Leonardo da Vinci University Library, Paris School of Mines Library, and the René Descartes University Library.[285]. [118] Party lists winning an absolute majority in the first round – or at least a plurality in the second round – automatically win half the seats of an arrondissement. In addition, the Paris region is served by a light rail network of nine lines, the tramway: Line T1 runs from Asnières-Gennevilliers to Noisy-le-Sec, Line T2 runs from Pont de Bezons to Porte de Versailles, Line T3a runs from Pont du Garigliano to Porte de Vincennes, Line T3b runs from Porte de Vincennes to Porte d'Asnières, Line T5 runs from Saint-Denis to Garges-Sarcelles, Line T6 runs from Châtillon to Viroflay, Line T7 runs from Villejuif to Athis-Mons, Line T8 runs from Saint-Denis to Épinay-sur-Seine and Villetaneuse, all of which are operated by the RATP Group,[295] and line T4 runs from Bondy RER to Aulnay-sous-Bois, which is operated by the state rail carrier SNCF. Here's the quick answer if you are able to make this entire trip by car without stopping. [52], In the summer of 1789, Paris became the centre stage for the French Revolution. Since the inauguration of its first line in 1900, Paris's Métro network has grown to become the city's most widely used local transport system; today it carries about 5.23 million passengers daily[293] through 16 lines, 303 stations (385 stops) and 220 km (136.7 mi) of rails. Nonstop drive: 282 miles or 454 km Driving time: 5 hours, 45 minutes Realistically, you'll probably want to add a buffer for rest stops, gas, or food along the way. [161] 26,700 of these in the City of Paris and 210,159 in the Paris Region were people born in Overseas France (more than two-thirds of whom in the French West Indies) and are therefore not counted as immigrants since they were legally French citizens at birth. London is located in United Kingdom with (51.5085,-0.1257) coordinates and Paris is located in France with (48.8534,2.3488) coordinates. Beginning with the Paris Exposition of 1867; it became a popular kind of restaurant which featured beer and other beverages served by young women in the national costume associated with the beverage, particular German costumes for beer. [137], The security of Paris is mainly the responsibility of the Prefecture of Police of Paris, a subdivision of the Ministry of the Interior. For actual travel times, check out our timetable. Miami to Key West is 159 miles. Paris is also the home of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). [278], The University of Paris, founded in the 12th century, is often called the Sorbonne after one of its original medieval colleges. [320] One of the newest parks, the Promenade des Berges de la Seine (2013), built on a former highway on the left bank of the Seine between the Pont de l'Alma and the Musée d'Orsay, has floating gardens and gives a view of the city's landmarks. In 1839, after the death of Niépce, Louis Daguerre patented the Daguerrotype, which became the most common form of photography until the 1860s. Paris is a premium destination thanks to a strong mix of business and leisure travel, so expect to pay over 100,000 miles each way for business class awards if you’re planning to fly on United-operated flights. Paris is oval shaped, approximately 9 miles east to west and 6 miles north to south, giving the City an area of 33.5 square miles, 86.7 square kilometers. Most French rulers since the Middle Ages made a point of leaving their mark on a city that, contrary to many other of the world's capitals, has never been destroyed by catastrophe or war. The Distance Calculator can find distance between any two cities or locations available in The World Clock. This fast, modern and luxurious train will get you to your destination in just under 3 hours and 20 minutes. [251][252] Several yearly festivals take place in Paris, including the Paris Jazz Festival and the rock festival Rock en Seine. (adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({}); Paris facts: An overview of Paris shows that the City is a relatively flat place, making our Walking Tours a leisurely and enjoyable way to experience this most beautiful of European cities. New suburban cemeteries were created in the early 20th century: The largest of these are the Cimetière parisien de Saint-Ouen, the Cimetière parisien de Pantin (also known as Cimetière parisien de Pantin-Bobigny), the Cimetière parisien d'Ivry, and the Cimetière parisien de Bagneux. Factors in the migration included de-industrialisation, high rent, the gentrification of many inner quarters, the transformation of living space into offices, and greater affluence among working families. [123][125] The first president of the metropolitan council, Patrick Ollier, a Republican and the mayor of the town of Rueil-Malmaison, was elected on 22 January 2016. The majority of Paris' healthcare and social workers work at the hospitals and social housing concentrated in the peripheral 13th, 14th, 18th, 19th and 20th arrondissements. [127], As the capital of France, Paris is the seat of France's national government. Traveling by car takes more than 13 hours, so most people opt for a quick, two-hour flight instead. The largest opera houses of Paris are the 19th-century Opéra Garnier (historical Paris Opéra) and modern Opéra Bastille; the former tends toward the more classic ballets and operas, and the latter provides a mixed repertoire of classic and modern. [196] The Paris region's most intense economic activity through the central Hauts-de-Seine department and suburban La Défense business district places Paris' economic centre to the west of the city, in a triangle between the Opéra Garnier, La Défense and the Val de Seine. [47] Other marks of his reign were the Collège des Quatre-Nations, the Place Vendôme, the Place des Victoires, and Les Invalides. The Golden Age of the School of Paris ended between the two world wars. Miles Said: ” It changed the way I looked at things forever, Paris was where I noticed, that not all white people were prejudice”. Library| Privacy Policy, Copyright 2019 Paris-Walking-Tours.com ©, Paris facts: An overview of Paris shows that the City is a relatively flat place, making our. They are also pejoratively called Parigots ([paʁiɡo] (listen)). The highway that encircles Paris, known as the Périphérique, basically defines the city limits. [28], The Romans conquered the Paris Basin in 52 BC and began their settlement on Paris' Left Bank. Taking a Bus. This map shows the distance from New York, Usa to Paris, France. [333] France 24 is a television news channel owned and operated by the French government, and is based in Paris. See also a map, estimated flight duration, carbon dioxide emissions and the time difference between Paris and Hong Kong. Lastly, consider taking a coach between London and Paris. [4] According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey in 2018, Paris was the second most expensive city in the world, after Singapore, and ahead of Zürich, Hong Kong, Oslo and Geneva. If you were calling that same number from within France you would, of course, drop the international code and the country code of "33", replacing it with a "0" and dial 01-55-55-55-55. [227] Montmartre and Montparnasse became centres for artistic production. 7.9 billion Euros are designated for city administration, and 1.7 billion Euros for investment. Education in Paris and the Île-de-France region employs approximately 330,000 people, 170,000 of whom are teachers and professors teaching approximately 2.9 million children and students in around 9,000 primary, secondary, and higher education schools and institutions. Paris is a premium destination thanks to a strong mix of business and leisure travel, so expect to pay over 100,000 miles each way for business class awards if you’re planning to fly on United-operated flights. Paris (French pronunciation: ()) is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,148,271 residents as of 2020, in an area of more than 105 square kilometres (41 square miles). Paris (French pronunciation: ​[paʁi] (listen)) is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,148,271 residents as of 2020, in an area of more than 105 square kilometres (41 square miles). [163] Despite the drop, Paris remains the most densely-populated city in Europe, with 252 residents per hectare, not counting parks. ), in the north and east of the country, and the main cities and centres in the south and west of France. How Far is Normandy from Paris. They are large, easy to read maps of the major streets, the Metro, Buses and the RER Trains , the municipal components of the Paris Transportation System. European and Asian films are also widely shown and appreciated. The Carnaval de Paris, one of the oldest festivals in Paris, dates back to the Middle Ages. c. what is the duration of journey from Paris … Parisian and Italian musicians who played the accordion adopted the style and established themselves in Auvergnat bars especially in the 19th arrondissement,[250] and the romantic sounds of the accordion has since become one of the musical icons of the city. From to. == == It's 4,579 miles, as the crow flies. [300] For the year 2017 it was the 5th busiest airport in the world by international traffic and it is the hub for the nation's flag carrier Air France. Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey, based in September 2016 data, retrieved July 2017. 7055.736 kilometers. [226] Artists such as Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Henri Rousseau, Marc Chagall, Amedeo Modigliani and many others became associated with Paris. Duration 4h 4m Frequency 3 times a day Estimated price SFr 100 - SFr 140 Website Oui.SNCF [270] A brasserie originally was a tavern located next to a brewery, which served beer and food at any hour. Measure in : Distance as the Crow Flies : Distance by Land Transport: Map Showing the Distance Between Paris, France and Los Angeles California, Usa. [87], Between July and October 1995, a series of bombings carried out by the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria caused 8 deaths and more than 200 injuries. 126-127, sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFBlackmoreMcConnachie2004 (, sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFCastells1983 (, "Paris perd ses habitants, la faute à la démographie et aux... meublés touristiques pour la Ville.". The rivers Loire, Rhine, Rhone, Meuse, and Scheldt can be reached by canals connecting with the Seine, which include the Canal Saint-Martin, Canal Saint-Denis, and the Canal de l'Ourcq.[304]. The calculated distance (air line) between Paris and Nice is approximately 426 Miles respectively 686 Kilometer. It is by far the country’s most important centre of commerce and culture.Area city, 41 square miles (105 square km); metropolitan area, 890 square miles (2,300 square km). After a tentative creation of several smaller suburban cemeteries, the Prefect Nicholas Frochot under Napoleon Bonaparte provided a more definitive solution in the creation of three massive Parisian cemeteries outside the city limits. Paris is often referred to as the 'City of Light' (La Ville Lumière),[20] both because of its leading role during the Age of Enlightenment and more literally because Paris was one of the first large European cities to use gas street lighting on a grand scale on its boulevards and monuments. [310] From then on, the new reservoir system became Paris' principal source of drinking water, and the remains of the old system, pumped into lower levels of the same reservoirs, were from then on used for the cleaning of Paris' streets. This is the basic map of Paris arrondissements: Notice the clockwise spiral of the arrondissements from the center 1er arrondissement. The remaining areas are mostly middle-class citizenry dotted with islands of fortuned populations located there due to reasons of historical importance, namely Saint-Maur-des-Fossés to the east and Enghien-les-Bains to the north of Paris. [160], The official estimated population of the City of Paris was 2,206,488 as of 1 January 2019, according to the INSEE, the official French statistical agency. Theatre traditionally has occupied a large place in Parisian culture, and many of its most popular actors today are also stars of French television. The most expensive residential streets in Paris in 2018 by average price per square meter were Avenue Montaigne (8th arrondissement), at 22,372 Euros per square meter; Place Dauphine (1st arrondissement; 20,373 euros) and Rue de Furstemberg (6th arrondissement) at 18,839 Euros per square meter. For example, after the LGV Méditerranée opened in 2001, air traffic between Paris and Marseille declined from 2,976,793 passengers in 2000 to 1,502,196 passengers in 2014. 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